The hip joint Flashcards
What is the hip joint?
Synovial ball and socket joint formed by the femur joining with the hip gurdle at the acetabulum. It is designed for stability and weight bearing.
What increases the depth of the hip joint at the acetabulum?
What is found both on the hip joint and the head of femur?
Acetabular labrum, fibrocartilaginous collar that sits around the top of the acetabulum
Articular cartilage, assists with weight bearing
What are the intracapsular ligaments of the hip joint?
ligament head of femur, small structure which runs from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur
What are the extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint
Iliofemoral ligament- inferior iliac spine, bifurcates and then runs to intertrochantic line of the femur. Prevents hyperextension
Pubofemoral ligament-originates at pubic rami and inserts at intertrochantic line. Prevents excessive abduction adn extesion
Ischiofemoral ligament- spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur. Prevents hyperextension and holds together acetabulum joint
What are the main arteries that supply the hip joint?
Circumflex femoral arteries- large supply
Medial circumflex artery- main supplies
Artery to head of femur- provides additional support
What nerves innervate the hip joint?
What can this cause?
Sciatic nerve
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Same nerves that innervate the knee leading to referred pain between the joints
What movements occur at the hip?
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Lateral rotation Medial rotation
What muscles flex the hip?
iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus
What muscles extend the hip?
gluteus maximus, semimembranous, semiteninosus, biceps femoris
What muscles abduct the hip?
gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae
What muscles adduct the hip?
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus,pectineus and gracilis
What muscles laterally rotate the hip?
biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, asissted by obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris
What muscles medially rotate the hip?
anterior fibres of gluteus medius, minimum and tensor fascia latae
What limits hip flexion?
What limits hip extension?
Flexion of the knee relaxes hamstring muscles and increases range of flexion
Iliofemoral ligament