The hip joint Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hip joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint formed by the femur joining with the hip gurdle at the acetabulum. It is designed for stability and weight bearing.

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2
Q

What increases the depth of the hip joint at the acetabulum?

What is found both on the hip joint and the head of femur?

A

Acetabular labrum, fibrocartilaginous collar that sits around the top of the acetabulum

Articular cartilage, assists with weight bearing

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3
Q

What are the intracapsular ligaments of the hip joint?

A

ligament head of femur, small structure which runs from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur

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4
Q

What are the extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral ligament- inferior iliac spine, bifurcates and then runs to intertrochantic line of the femur. Prevents hyperextension

Pubofemoral ligament-originates at pubic rami and inserts at intertrochantic line. Prevents excessive abduction adn extesion

Ischiofemoral ligament- spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur. Prevents hyperextension and holds together acetabulum joint

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5
Q

What are the main arteries that supply the hip joint?

A

Circumflex femoral arteries- large supply
Medial circumflex artery- main supplies
Artery to head of femur- provides additional support

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6
Q

What nerves innervate the hip joint?

What can this cause?

A

Sciatic nerve
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve

Same nerves that innervate the knee leading to referred pain between the joints

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7
Q

What movements occur at the hip?

A
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Lateral rotation
Medial rotation
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8
Q

What muscles flex the hip?

A

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus

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9
Q

What muscles extend the hip?

A

gluteus maximus, semimembranous, semiteninosus, biceps femoris

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10
Q

What muscles abduct the hip?

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae

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11
Q

What muscles adduct the hip?

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus,pectineus and gracilis

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12
Q

What muscles laterally rotate the hip?

A

biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, asissted by obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris

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13
Q

What muscles medially rotate the hip?

A

anterior fibres of gluteus medius, minimum and tensor fascia latae

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14
Q

What limits hip flexion?

What limits hip extension?

A

Flexion of the knee relaxes hamstring muscles and increases range of flexion

Iliofemoral ligament

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