Muslces of the foot Flashcards
Describe the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
The intrinsic muscles of the foot are responsible for fine motor actions of the foot. There are 2 on the dorsum of the foot and 10 on the sole of the foot
Name both of the muscles of the dorsum of the foot
Extensor digitorum brevis
Name the muscles of the first layer of the sole of the foot
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductur digiti minimi
Name the muscles of the second layer of the sole of the foot
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
Name the muscles of the third layer of the sole of the foot
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Name the muscles of the fourth layer of the sole of the foot
plantar interossei
Dorsal interossei
What is extensor digitorum brevis
What innervates
Extensor of the toes, lies deep to the tendon of extensor digitorum longus on the dorsal surface of the foot
Deep fibular nerve
What are extensor digitorum brevis’ attachments
What are its functions
Originates from calcaneus, the interosseous tolocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum
Attaches to the long extensor tendons of the four lateral digits
aids extension of the lateral four toes at the metatarsalsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
What is extensor hallucis brevis
What innervates it
extensor of the big toe
deep fibular nerve
What are extensor hallucis brevis’ attachments
What are its functions
Originates from calcaneus, the interosseous tolocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum
Attaches to the proximal phalanx of the big toe
Aids extension of the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
What is abductor hallucis
What innervates it
Originates on medial side of sole where it contributes to the soft tissue bulge
Medial plantar nerve
What are abductor hallucis’ attachments
What are its functions
originates from medial tubercle of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum and plantar aponeurosis
Attaches to the medial base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
What is flexor digitorum brevis
What innervtes it?
Sits in the centre of the sole
Medial plantar nerve
What are flexor digitroum brevis’ attachments
What are its fucntions
Originates from the medial tubercle of the calcaneus and the planar aponeurosis. Attaches to the middle phalanges of the lateral four digits
Flexes the lateral four digits at the proximal interphalangeal joint
What is abductor digiti minimi
What innervates it?
located within the lateral side of the foot. It is the equilavent of the abducotr digiti minimi of the hand
Lateral plantar nerve
What is abductor digiti minimi attachments?
What are its functions?
Originates from the medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus and the plantar aponeurosis.
Attaches to lateral base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
abducts and flexes 5th digit
What is the quadratus plantae
What are innervates it?
located superior to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
lateral plantar nerve
What are the attachments of quadratys plantae?
What are its functions?
originates from the medial adn lateral plantar surfaces of the calcaneus
attaches to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
assists flexion of lateral four digits
What are the lumbricals?
What innervates them?
Four of them, each located next to their respectvie tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Medial lumbrical- medial plantar nerve
Lateral three- lateral plantar nerve
What are the attachments of the lumbricals?
What are their functions?
oriinates from tendons of flexor digitoorum longus
Attaches to extensor hoods of the lateral four digits
Flexes MSP joints whilst extending interphalangeal joints
What is flexor hallicus brevis?
What innervates it?
Located on the medial side of the foot
Medial plantar nerve
What are flexor hallicus brevis’ attachments?
What are its functions?
Originates from plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms as well as the tendon of the posterior tibialis tendon.
Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
What is abductor hallicus?
What innervates it?
Muscle located laterally to the flexor hallicus brevis
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
What are abductor hallicus’ attachemennts?
What are its functions?
oblique head originates from the bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals. The transverse head originates from the plantar ligaments of the MSP joints
Both heads attach to the lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
What is flexor digiti minimi brevis?
What innervates it
resembles the interossie it flexes the fifth digit
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
What are flexor digiti minimus’ attachments
What are its functions?
Originates from the base of the fifth metatarsal. Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit
Flexes the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit
What are the plantar interossei
What innervates them?
the interossei on the plantar aspect of the foot
Lateral plantar nerve
What are the attachments of the planter interossei?
What are its functions?
Arise from the medial side of metatarsals 3-5
Adducts digits 3-5 and flexes MSP joits
What are the dorsal interossei?
What innervates them?
Four of them located between metatarsals
Lateral plantar nerve
What are dorsal interossei attachments?
What are their functions?
Originates from the side of metatarsals 1-5. Attach to lateral sides of proximal phalanxes of digits 2-4
abducts digits two to four and flexes MSP joints
