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3rd year lower limb anatomy > Muslces of the foot > Flashcards

Muslces of the foot Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

The intrinsic muscles of the foot are responsible for fine motor actions of the foot. There are 2 on the dorsum of the foot and 10 on the sole of the foot

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2
Q

Name both of the muscles of the dorsum of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

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3
Q

Name the muscles of the first layer of the sole of the foot

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductur digiti minimi

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4
Q

Name the muscles of the second layer of the sole of the foot

A

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

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5
Q

Name the muscles of the third layer of the sole of the foot

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

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6
Q

Name the muscles of the fourth layer of the sole of the foot

A

plantar interossei

Dorsal interossei

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7
Q

What is extensor digitorum brevis

What innervates

A

Extensor of the toes, lies deep to the tendon of extensor digitorum longus on the dorsal surface of the foot

Deep fibular nerve

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8
Q

What are extensor digitorum brevis’ attachments

What are its functions

A

Originates from calcaneus, the interosseous tolocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum
Attaches to the long extensor tendons of the four lateral digits

aids extension of the lateral four toes at the metatarsalsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

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9
Q

What is extensor hallucis brevis

What innervates it

A

extensor of the big toe

deep fibular nerve

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10
Q

What are extensor hallucis brevis’ attachments

What are its functions

A

Originates from calcaneus, the interosseous tolocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum
Attaches to the proximal phalanx of the big toe

Aids extension of the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

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11
Q

What is abductor hallucis

What innervates it

A

Originates on medial side of sole where it contributes to the soft tissue bulge

Medial plantar nerve

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12
Q

What are abductor hallucis’ attachments

What are its functions

A

originates from medial tubercle of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum and plantar aponeurosis
Attaches to the medial base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

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13
Q

What is flexor digitorum brevis

What innervtes it?

A

Sits in the centre of the sole

Medial plantar nerve

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14
Q

What are flexor digitroum brevis’ attachments

What are its fucntions

A

Originates from the medial tubercle of the calcaneus and the planar aponeurosis. Attaches to the middle phalanges of the lateral four digits

Flexes the lateral four digits at the proximal interphalangeal joint

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15
Q

What is abductor digiti minimi

What innervates it?

A

located within the lateral side of the foot. It is the equilavent of the abducotr digiti minimi of the hand

Lateral plantar nerve

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16
Q

What is abductor digiti minimi attachments?

What are its functions?

A

Originates from the medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus and the plantar aponeurosis.
Attaches to lateral base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

abducts and flexes 5th digit

17
Q

What is the quadratus plantae

What are innervates it?

A

located superior to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus

lateral plantar nerve

18
Q

What are the attachments of quadratys plantae?

What are its functions?

A

originates from the medial adn lateral plantar surfaces of the calcaneus
attaches to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus

assists flexion of lateral four digits

19
Q

What are the lumbricals?

What innervates them?

A

Four of them, each located next to their respectvie tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Medial lumbrical- medial plantar nerve
Lateral three- lateral plantar nerve

20
Q

What are the attachments of the lumbricals?

What are their functions?

A

oriinates from tendons of flexor digitoorum longus
Attaches to extensor hoods of the lateral four digits

Flexes MSP joints whilst extending interphalangeal joints

21
Q

What is flexor hallicus brevis?

What innervates it?

A

Located on the medial side of the foot

Medial plantar nerve

22
Q

What are flexor hallicus brevis’ attachments?

What are its functions?

A

Originates from plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms as well as the tendon of the posterior tibialis tendon.
Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

23
Q

What is abductor hallicus?

What innervates it?

A

Muscle located laterally to the flexor hallicus brevis

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

24
Q

What are abductor hallicus’ attachemennts?

What are its functions?

A

oblique head originates from the bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals. The transverse head originates from the plantar ligaments of the MSP joints

Both heads attach to the lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

25
Q

What is flexor digiti minimi brevis?

What innervates it

A

resembles the interossie it flexes the fifth digit

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

26
Q

What are flexor digiti minimus’ attachments

What are its functions?

A

Originates from the base of the fifth metatarsal. Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit

Flexes the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit

27
Q

What are the plantar interossei

What innervates them?

A

the interossei on the plantar aspect of the foot

Lateral plantar nerve

28
Q

What are the attachments of the planter interossei?

What are its functions?

A

Arise from the medial side of metatarsals 3-5

Adducts digits 3-5 and flexes MSP joits

29
Q

What are the dorsal interossei?

What innervates them?

A

Four of them located between metatarsals

Lateral plantar nerve

30
Q

What are dorsal interossei attachments?

What are their functions?

A

Originates from the side of metatarsals 1-5. Attach to lateral sides of proximal phalanxes of digits 2-4

abducts digits two to four and flexes MSP joints

3rd year lower limb anatomy (27 decks)

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