The Hip Joint Flashcards
What is the role of the hip joint?
Connects the lower limbs to trunk
Articulation between femur and innominate bones
What type of joint is the hip?
Synovial, ball and socket
Describe the articulate surface of the hip
Acetabulum is a hemispherical socket facing laterally and inferiorly
Consists of semilunar articular part covered by hyaline cartilage and central non-articular part called acetabular fossa
Acetabulum rim is deepened by labrum
Describe the hip capsule
Fibrous capsule is strong attaching to acetabulum outside labrum
On the femur the capsule attaches to intertrochanteric line and medial 2/3 of neck
What is the role of the synovial membrane?
It lines the internal surface of the capsule and helps to secrete synovial fluid
What is the role of the acetabula fat pad?
Lies within acetabula fossa and contains numerous proprioceptive nerve endings
What are the intracapsular ligaments?
Transverse ligament
Ligamentum teres (connects head of femur to acetabulum)
What are the extracapsular ligaments and their roles?
Iliofemoral: anterior surface joint from acetabulum to AIIS to intertrochanteric line
Pubofemoral: Anterior and inferior surfaces from pubis to lower intertrochanteric line
Ischiofemoral: Spiralises posterior surface passes slightly up and attaches to upper trochanteric line/ neck of femur
What are the roles of the ligaments in flexion/extension?
flexion: all relaxed
extension: all taut
What are the roles of the ligaments in abduction and adduction?
abduction: superior part of iliofemoral is taut
adduction: ischiofemoral and pubifemoral are taut
What are the roles of the ligaments in medial and lateral rotation?
medial: iliofemoral and pubofemoral are taut
lateral: ischiofemoral is taut
What muscles are used for hip flexion and extension?
Flexion: psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris
Extension: hamstrings, gluteus maximus
What muscles are used for hip abduction and adduction?
Abduction: Gluteus medius/ minimus
Adduction: adductor longus, brevis and magnus
What muscles are used for hip medial/lateral rotation?
Medial: gluteus medius/minimus
Lateral: Gluteus maximus/piriformis
