The Heart and Blood Vessels (control of heartbeat) Flashcards
What is heartbeat controlled by?
A pacemaker
What does a pacemaker control?
Heartbeat is controlled by a pacemaker
What is a pacemaker?
A small bundle of specialised tissue
What is a small bundle of specialised tissue found in the heart which controls heartbeat called?
The pacemaker
Where is the pacemaker located in the heart?
It is located in the wall at the top of the right atrium
What is located in the wall at the top of the right atrium of the heart which controls heartbeat?
The pacemaker
What does the pacemaker emit which initially cause the atria to contract?
Regular electrical impulses
What is initially caused to contract by the regularly emitted electrical impulses of the pacemaker.
The atria
What do the regularly emitted electrical impulses of the pacemaker initially cause to happen to the atria?
They cause them to initially contract
What happens after the atria have contracted due to the electrical impulses of the pacemaker?
The blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles and is then pumped from the ventricles out of the heart
What can the frequency of the impulses of the pacemaker by increased or decreased by?
The brain
What is the pacemaker also called?
The SA or sinoatrial node
What is the SA or sinoatrial node commonly called?
The pacemaker
How does the pacemaker control heartbeat?
The pacemaker pulses and causes the atria to contract
What does the pacemaker’s electrical impulse stimulate?
The AV (atrioventricular) node
What stimulates the AV node?
The electrical impulses of the pacemaker
What is the full name of the AV node?
The atrioventricular node
What is the full name for the SA node?
The sinoatrial node
Where is the AV node located in the heart?
It is located further down from the SA node in the right ventricle near to where it joins the ventricle
What does the AV node send down special muscle fibre located in the septum?
Impulses
What send impulses down special muscle fibres located in the septum?
The AV node
Where does the AV node send impulses down?
Special muscle fibres located in the septum
What passes the impulses of the AV node out to the walls of the ventricles?
Thin fibres
What passes the impulses of the AV node out of by thin fibres?
Out to the walls of the ventricles
What do the impulses from the AV node cause to happen to the ventricles?
They cause them to contract
What do the impulses from the AV node cause to contract?
The ventricles
Besides the pacemaker what can change the rate at which the pacemaker operates?
Nerves from the brain along with hormones
What can the pacemaker and nerves from the brain along with hormones change the rate of?
The rate at which the pacemaker operate
What factors increase the rate of heartbeat?
Exercise
Temperature
Emotions
Shock
What factors decrease the rate of heartbeat?
Relaxation
Sleep
Alcohol
