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Biology: The Heart + Human Nutrition + Cell Structure > Human Nutrition (The Stomach) > Flashcards

Human Nutrition (The Stomach) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the stomach?

A

A muscular bag that holds and digests food

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2
Q

What is a muscular bag that holds and digests food?

A

The stomach

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3
Q

What is the lining of the stomach called?

A

The mucosa

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4
Q

What is the mucosa?

A

The lining of the stomach

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5
Q

Describe the mucosa?

A

It is heavily folded to form millions of gastric glands

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6
Q

What is heavily folded to form millions of gastric glands?

A

The mucosa

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7
Q

What do the gastric glands of the mucosa produce?

A

Gastric juice

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8
Q

What produces gastric juice?

A

The gastric glands of the mucosa

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9
Q

What is gastric juice made of?

3

A

Mucus
Pepsinogen
Hydrochloric acid

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10
Q

What coats the stomach and prevents self-digestion?

A

Mucus

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11
Q

What does mucus coat prevent the self-digestion of?

A

The stomach

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12
Q

What is pepsinogen?

A

It is an inactive enzyme which does not digest the cells of the mucosa which produce it

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13
Q

What is an inactive enzyme which does not digest the cells of the mucosa which it is produced from?

A

Pepsinogen

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14
Q

What is pepsinogen converted into by acid in the stomach?

A

The active enzyme pepsin

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15
Q

What converts pepsinogen into pepsin in the stomach?

A

Acid

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16
Q

What does pepsin act on?

A

Proteins

17
Q

What does pepsin convert proteins into?

A

Smaller peptides

18
Q

What is an enzyme said to be as it acts on proteins?

A

A protease

19
Q

What is a protease?

A

An enzyme that digests protein

20
Q

What is an enzyme that digests protein called?

A

Protease

21
Q

What gives the stomach a pH of 1 or 2?

A

Hydrochloric acid

22
Q

What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

4

A

Kills many bacteria
Loosens fibrous and cellular foods
Activates pepsinogen
Denatures salivary amylase

23
Q

What helps to churn and digest food mechanically in the stomach?

A

The contraction of the stomach walls

24
Q

What does the contraction of the stomach walls do?

A

It helps to churn and digest food mechanically

25
Q

What is chyme?

A

A thick, soupy mixture of food in the stomach

26
Q

What is the thick, soupy mixture of food in the stomach called?

A

Chyme

27
Q

How does chyme leave the stomach?

A

It leaves in small amounts when a muscle at the base of the stomach opens briefly

28
Q

An overproduction of what leads to heartburn?

A

Acid

29
Q

What does the overproduction of acid in the stomach lead to?

A

Heartburn

30
Q

What is heartburn?

A

The rising of acid up the oesophagus which is not as well covered in mucus as the stomach

31
Q

How is heartburn controlled?

A

By neutralising the acid with an alkali

Biology: The Heart + Human Nutrition + Cell Structure (42 decks)

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