Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P II > the heart <3 > Flashcards

the heart <3 Flashcards

1
Q

the heart is approx. the size of a ____

A

fist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is the heart located?

A

middle of the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the cavity of the heart =

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

top of the heart =

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bottom of the heart =

A

apex (pointy part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true/false: the heart flipped during development

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

heart covering: outermost part of sack; dense CT; anchors heart in place and protects it

A

fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

heart covering: layer directly under fibrous pericardium and is composed of 2 layers

A

serous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?

A
  • parietal layer

- visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

heart covering: layer belonging to heart cavity

A

parental layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

heart covering: layer belonging to organ; actual outer surface of the heart

A

visceral layer (aka epicardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the visceral layer of the heart is also known as the ________

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

heart covering: space between the parietal and visceral layer of the serous pericardium that is filled with fluid

A

pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fluid of the pericardial cavity

A

pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

functions of the pericardial fluid (3):

A
  • protection
  • prevents friction
  • dissipates heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 heart layers

A
  • epicardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

heart layer: visceral layer of the serous pericardium; connective tissue

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the epicardium is made out of ____ tissue

A

connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heart layer: cardiac MUSCLE layer

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

heart layer: lining of the heart; made of squamous epithelial tissue

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

endocardium is made out of what type of tissue?

A

simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

true/false: right side of heart is completely separated from the left

A

true! (increases efficiency of circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

top chambers of heart

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

bottom chambers of heart; within the apex

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

separates left and right ATRIUM

A

interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

separates left and right VENTRICLES

A

inter ventricular septum

27
Q

groove that runs around top of heart

A

coronary sulcus

28
Q

groove/depression that runs at a diagonal on front (anterior) side of heart and vertical on the back (posterior) side of heart (when you have heart @ 6:00)

A

interventricular groove

29
Q

two extensions of the heart chambers; increase SA; “ear lobes”

A

auricles

30
Q

muscles in wall of atria

A

pectinate muscles

31
Q

seal membrane left over from short-cut connection as a fetus

A

fossa ovalis

32
Q

muscles in ventricles; function is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart’s ability to pump efficiently.

A

trabeculae carneae

33
Q

muscles in the ventricles that connect to the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae

A

papillary muscles

34
Q

chamber-related blood vessels (2) that empty into right atrium

A

vena cava (both superior and inferior) + coronary sinus

35
Q

superior vena cava carries blood to the _____

A

upper body

36
Q

inferior vena cava carries blood to the _____

A

lower body

37
Q

chamber-related blood vessel: empties into left atrium

A

pulmonary veins (left AND right)

38
Q

chamber-related blood vessel: carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle into the lungs; away from heart

A

pulmonary artery/trunk

39
Q

chamber-related blood vessel: carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

A

aorta

40
Q

blood circuit to the lungs

A

pulmonary circuit

41
Q

blood circuit to the body

A

systemic circuit

42
Q

Blood is supplied to the heart by its own vascular system, called _____ _____

A

coronary circulation

43
Q

arteries of the coronary circulation (5):

A
  • coronary arteries
  • anterior interventricular artery
  • circumflex artery
  • marginal artery
  • posterior interventricular artery
44
Q

veins of the coronary ciruclation (6):

A
  • cardiac veins
  • —> great cardiac vein
  • —> middle cardiac vein
  • —> small cardiac vein
  • —> anterior cardiac veins
  • coronary sinus
45
Q

connections that make alternate pathways in the heart; “alternate channels”

A

anastomoses

46
Q

regulators of blood flow

A

valves

47
Q

flow of blood flow is determined by difference in _____

A

pressure

48
Q

blood goes from ____ pressure to ____ pressure

A

hi to low

49
Q

valves prevent ____ of blood

A

backflow (hi pressure in atria —-> goes to ventricles)

50
Q

valves located between atria and ventricles; have a left and a right; prevent backflow of blood from ventricles back to the atria; “rafi or cusps”

A

atrioventricular valves (AV valvles)

51
Q

AV valves are also called ____ or ____

A

“rafi or cusps”

52
Q

AV valve on the RIGHT side

A

tricuspid

53
Q

AV valve on the LEFT side; more pressure on this side

A

bicuspid (or “mitral”) valve

54
Q

contraction of heart causes an ____ in pressure

A

increase

55
Q

when pressure in the ventricles is higher, the ____ valves SHUT and and the ____ valvles OPEN

A

AV shut

semilunar (SL) open

56
Q

bands of fibrous tissue which attach the AV valves (bell flaps) to the papillary muscles

A

cordae tendineae

57
Q

muscles that contract to prevent inversion of AV valves when the ventricles are contracting (systole)

A

papillary muscles

58
Q

heart valve at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, and consisting of cusps or flaps that prevent the backflow of the blood during systole

A

semilunar valve

59
Q

left semilunar valve

A

aortic semilunar valve

60
Q

right semilunar valve

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

61
Q

characteristics of cardiac muscle (3):

A
  • striated (unlike skeletal)
  • uni-nucleated (LIKE skeletal)
  • interaclated discs
62
Q

cardiac muscle: adjacent cells are connected by _______ and ____ ______

A

desmosomes and gap junctions

63
Q

______ are communicating junctions that allow for “functional synctom” (aka both ventricles contract at the same time or both atria attract at the same time)

A

desmosomes

A&P II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions