the heart <3 Flashcards
the heart is approx. the size of a ____
fist
where is the heart located?
middle of the chest
the cavity of the heart =
mediastinum
top of the heart =
base
bottom of the heart =
apex (pointy part)
true/false: the heart flipped during development
true
heart covering: outermost part of sack; dense CT; anchors heart in place and protects it
fibrous pericardium
heart covering: layer directly under fibrous pericardium and is composed of 2 layers
serous membrane
what are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?
- parietal layer
- visceral layer
heart covering: layer belonging to heart cavity
parental layer
heart covering: layer belonging to organ; actual outer surface of the heart
visceral layer (aka epicardium)
the visceral layer of the heart is also known as the ________
epicardium
heart covering: space between the parietal and visceral layer of the serous pericardium that is filled with fluid
pericardial cavity
fluid of the pericardial cavity
pericardial fluid
functions of the pericardial fluid (3):
- protection
- prevents friction
- dissipates heat
3 heart layers
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
heart layer: visceral layer of the serous pericardium; connective tissue
epicardium
the epicardium is made out of ____ tissue
connective
heart layer: cardiac MUSCLE layer
myocardium
heart layer: lining of the heart; made of squamous epithelial tissue
endocardium
endocardium is made out of what type of tissue?
simple squamous epithelium
true/false: right side of heart is completely separated from the left
true! (increases efficiency of circulation
top chambers of heart
atria
bottom chambers of heart; within the apex
ventricles
separates left and right ATRIUM
interatrial septum
separates left and right VENTRICLES
inter ventricular septum
groove that runs around top of heart
coronary sulcus
groove/depression that runs at a diagonal on front (anterior) side of heart and vertical on the back (posterior) side of heart (when you have heart @ 6:00)
interventricular groove
two extensions of the heart chambers; increase SA; “ear lobes”
auricles
muscles in wall of atria
pectinate muscles
seal membrane left over from short-cut connection as a fetus
fossa ovalis
muscles in ventricles; function is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart’s ability to pump efficiently.
trabeculae carneae
muscles in the ventricles that connect to the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
chamber-related blood vessels (2) that empty into right atrium
vena cava (both superior and inferior) + coronary sinus
superior vena cava carries blood to the _____
upper body
inferior vena cava carries blood to the _____
lower body
chamber-related blood vessel: empties into left atrium
pulmonary veins (left AND right)
chamber-related blood vessel: carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle into the lungs; away from heart
pulmonary artery/trunk
chamber-related blood vessel: carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
aorta
blood circuit to the lungs
pulmonary circuit
blood circuit to the body
systemic circuit
Blood is supplied to the heart by its own vascular system, called _____ _____
coronary circulation
arteries of the coronary circulation (5):
- coronary arteries
- anterior interventricular artery
- circumflex artery
- marginal artery
- posterior interventricular artery
veins of the coronary ciruclation (6):
- cardiac veins
- —> great cardiac vein
- —> middle cardiac vein
- —> small cardiac vein
- —> anterior cardiac veins
- coronary sinus
connections that make alternate pathways in the heart; “alternate channels”
anastomoses
regulators of blood flow
valves
flow of blood flow is determined by difference in _____
pressure
blood goes from ____ pressure to ____ pressure
hi to low
valves prevent ____ of blood
backflow (hi pressure in atria —-> goes to ventricles)
valves located between atria and ventricles; have a left and a right; prevent backflow of blood from ventricles back to the atria; “rafi or cusps”
atrioventricular valves (AV valvles)
AV valves are also called ____ or ____
“rafi or cusps”
AV valve on the RIGHT side
tricuspid
AV valve on the LEFT side; more pressure on this side
bicuspid (or “mitral”) valve
contraction of heart causes an ____ in pressure
increase
when pressure in the ventricles is higher, the ____ valves SHUT and and the ____ valvles OPEN
AV shut
semilunar (SL) open
bands of fibrous tissue which attach the AV valves (bell flaps) to the papillary muscles
cordae tendineae
muscles that contract to prevent inversion of AV valves when the ventricles are contracting (systole)
papillary muscles
heart valve at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, and consisting of cusps or flaps that prevent the backflow of the blood during systole
semilunar valve
left semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
right semilunar valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
characteristics of cardiac muscle (3):
- striated (unlike skeletal)
- uni-nucleated (LIKE skeletal)
- interaclated discs
cardiac muscle: adjacent cells are connected by _______ and ____ ______
desmosomes and gap junctions
______ are communicating junctions that allow for “functional synctom” (aka both ventricles contract at the same time or both atria attract at the same time)
desmosomes
