The halogens (Gr 7) - ES Flashcards
What does fluorine look like at room temp
colourless gas
What does chlorine look like at room temp
pale green gas
What does bromine look like at room temp
brown liquid
What does iodine look like at room temp
silver/black solid
What trends happens down the halogens
colour gets darker, melting point and boiling point increase : they are less volatile and switch from gas to liquid to solid as intermolecular bonds get stronger
Halogens solublity
they are not very soluble in water but much mores soluble in organic solvents
Halogens as elements characteristics
they exist as diamotic molecules, they are in the p-block on the periodic table and outer shell for all is s²p⁵
Chemical properties of halogens
to achieve noble gas configuration a halogen atoms has to gain one electrons which means they are oxidising agents. Oxidising power increases going up the group
How is oxidising power affects up the group of halogens
it increases because the incoming electron is closer and less shielded from the positive nucleus so attraction is stronger
Halogens with metals
the halogens form an ionic compound. They fully gain an extra electron, becoming halide ions
Halogens with non-metals
the halogens share electrons, forming a covalent bond
Cl⁻ colour
colourless
Br⁻ colour
colourless
I⁻ colour
colourless
Cl₂ in aqueous solution colour
very pale green
