Making esters - WM

Question 1

How many ways are there to make an ester and what do they all have in common

Answer 1

5 - they are all a condensation reaction (joining of 2 larger molecules with loss of a small molecule)

Question 2

Name all the ways to make an ester

Answer 2

alcohol + carboxylic acid
alcohol + acyl chloride
alcohol + acid anhydride
phenol + acyl chloride
phenol +

Question 3

alcohol + carboxylic acid -> (reactants and conditions)

Answer 3

ester + water (conc sulphuric acid under reflux)
https://images.nagwa.com/figures/explainers/797138156290/2.svg

Question 4

alcohol + ethanoic acid -> (reactants and conditions)

Answer 4

ester + HCl (RTP)
https://www.chemistrystudent.com/images/A2Organic/organic/organicchemistryacylchlorides10.png

Question 5

alcohol + acid anhydride -> (reactants and conditions)

Answer 5

ester + carboxylic acid (conc sulphuric acid under reflux)
https://www.chemistrystudent.com/images/A2Organic/organic/organicchemistryacidanhydrides3.png

Question 6

phenol + acyl chloride -> (reactants and conditions)

Answer 6

ester + HCl
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnLxTNMgiWPoh3m38h9hkwchE7qkcGbvHi6w&s

Question 7

When making esters why can’t a carboxylic acid be used

Answer 7

as phenols are less reactive than alcohols so we need something more reactive