-OH group in alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids

Question 1

Acid definition

Answer 1

H⁺ donor

Question 2

What makes a strong acid

Answer 2

a good H⁺ donor which fully ionises into ions in a aqueous solution

Question 2

What makes a weak acid

Answer 2

something that only partially ionises in an aqueous solution

Question 3

What are the acidic properties of -OH

Answer 3

acid strength varies from weak to very weak, as the less they ionise the weaker they are and less acidic properties are shown

Question 3

Why is it unlikely that organic compounds are acidic

Answer 3

as they are covalently bonded so to have acidic behaviour it would have to involve donating an ion. But some organic compounds a tiny proportion of the molecules do mange to ionse by donating H⁺ so these so show some acidic behaviour

Question 4

What causes the acid properties in alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids

Answer 4

the H from the -OH group is being donated as H⁺

Question 4

Acid strength of alcohol

Answer 4

weakest =
no reaction with bases or carbonates
react slowly with reactive metals giving off hydrogen gas

Question 5

Acid strength of water

Answer 5

second weakest
no reaction with bases or carbonates
react vigorously with reactive metals

Question 6

Acid strength of phenols

Answer 6

second strongest
no reaction with carbonates
react with baes and vigorously with reactive metals

Question 7

Acid strength of carboxylic acids

Answer 7

strongest
reacts with carbonates, bases and vigorously with reactive metals

Question 8

Reaction of carboxylic acid + NaOH

Answer 8

https://www.chemistrystudent.com/images/A2Organic/organic/organicchemistrycarboxylicacids5.png

Question 9

What is the special test for a phenol group

Answer 9

neutral iron (III) chloride solution (yellow) is added, the solution goes from yellow to a purple colour

Question 10

What reacts with a base and what are the general products - primary, secondary, tertiary, phenols, carboxylic acids

Answer 10

only phenols and carboxylic acids - salt + water

Question 11

What reacts with a carbonate and what are the general products - primary, secondary, tertiary, phenols, carboxylic acids

Answer 11

only carboxylic acids - salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 12

What gets oxidised with acidified potassium dichromate solution - primary, secondary, tertiary, phenols, carboxylic acids

Answer 12

primary and secondary alcohols

Question 13

What reacts with a neutral iron (III) - primary, secondary, tertiary, phenols, carboxylic acids

Answer 13

only phenols