The Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Most common ligament torn in ankle sprain
anterior talo-fibular ligament
Temporary treatment of ingrown toenail
lift nail and insert wool. cut a wedge of nail out of the way
Permanent treatment of ingrown toenail
remove the lateral margin of the nail and germinal matrix
Main oral treatment of fungal toenail
lamisil for 12 weeks
Deformity caused by flexed at proximal interphalangeal joint and extended at DIP joint
hammer toe
Deformity caused by flexion at both PIP and DIP joint
claw toe
Deformity caused by flexion at DIP joint
mallet toe
What are multiple hammer toes indicative of?
calf contracture or partial paralysis
callous on the lateral aspect of the 5th toe that develops secondary to shoe wear, and becomes painful
hard corn
two “kissing” lesions between toes
soft corn
hard inclusion of skin on the plantar foot caused by excess pressure
seed corn
First line treatment of hard and soft corns
trim the callous, pad the toe
Treatment for seed corn
Shell out the corn with a 15 blade scalpal
Symptoms include tenderness under the MP joint. Pain with maximum plantarflexion. Sudden or gradual drift to the side
MP subluxation/dislocationor “Metatarsalgia”
How long does recovery process for bunion surgery take?
8 weeks
Thickened skin that develops on the bottom of the foot secondary to abnormally high contact pressures
intractable plantar keratosis
thickening of nerve tissue which occurs between the third and fourth toes. Result of nerve compression and irritation
Morton’s Neuroma
Common patient compliant for Morton’s Neuroma
A feeling that there’s something in the shoe or a sock is bunched up
Inflammation that develops at the calcaneal origin of the plantar fascia. Most common problem of foot
Plantar fasciitis
Classic symptoms of plantar fasciitis
pain in the front of the heel, especially first thing in the morning and when rising from a chair.
Patient presents with Pain on the inside of the ankle, Gradual falling arch, and Eventually pain on the outside of the foot and a severely flat and rotated foot
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Name the two tendons that you don’t do cortisone injections due to potential for rupture
posterior tibial tendon and achilles tendon
Treatment for minor ankle sprain
rest, ice, compression, elevation
Treatment for severe ankle sprain
Cast or boot brace immobilization X 5-7 days, then begin rehab exercises
Most common joint of foot to have arthritis
great toe (hallux rigidus)
Cause of midfoot arthritis
sprain of midfoot
Patient presents with pain, swelling, warmth in the arch or instep that gets worse with use, better with rest. Hard bump that forms over the instep
midfoot arthritis
Patient presents with Pain on the outside / front of the ankle(sinus tarsi). Pain in a horseshoe pattern around the heel. Better on level ground, bad on rough
subtalar arthritis
Patient presents with stiffness of the ankle with pain across the front of the ankle
ankle arthritis
Type of ankle fracture that’s usually treated in a cast whereas most others require surgery
non displaced fibula fractures
Type of ankle fracture caused by high energy axial load involving weight bearing surface of tibia. Usually due to fall from height or MVa
pilon
Type of ankle fracture caused by severe dorsiflexion injury. Interupts blood supply
talus neck
Type of ankle fracture caused by the same mechanism as an ankle sprain. Difficult to dx. Casted if acute or fragments excised of late
talus lateral process
What are calcaneus fractures associated with?
spine fractures
“Jones” type fracture occurs at the junction of the shaft and base in an area of poor blood supply. Notorious for not healing
5th metatarsal fracture
Common child hood fracture. Usually heals well with a boot brace
5th metatarsal base fracture
Occurs in middle aged athletes. Preceding pain and swelling (tendonosis). Audible pop or tear
achilles tendon rupture
performed when making the diagnosis of a torn Achilles tendon. examiner then squeezes the calf muscle. in a normal patient, should cause the toes to point downward. In a patient with a ruptured Achilles tendon, the foot will not move
Thompson test
