The Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Most common ligament torn in ankle sprain

Answer 1

anterior talo-fibular ligament

Question 2

Temporary treatment of ingrown toenail

Answer 2

lift nail and insert wool. cut a wedge of nail out of the way

Question 3

Permanent treatment of ingrown toenail

Answer 3

remove the lateral margin of the nail and germinal matrix

Question 4

Main oral treatment of fungal toenail

Answer 4

lamisil for 12 weeks

Question 5

Deformity caused by flexed at proximal interphalangeal joint and extended at DIP joint

Answer 5

hammer toe

Question 6

Deformity caused by flexion at both PIP and DIP joint

Answer 6

claw toe

Question 7

Deformity caused by flexion at DIP joint

Answer 7

mallet toe

Question 8

What are multiple hammer toes indicative of?

Answer 8

calf contracture or partial paralysis

Question 9

callous on the lateral aspect of the 5th toe that develops secondary to shoe wear, and becomes painful

Answer 9

hard corn

Question 10

two “kissing” lesions between toes

Answer 10

soft corn

Question 11

hard inclusion of skin on the plantar foot caused by excess pressure

Answer 11

seed corn

Question 12

First line treatment of hard and soft corns

Answer 12

trim the callous, pad the toe

Question 13

Treatment for seed corn

Answer 13

Shell out the corn with a 15 blade scalpal

Question 14

Symptoms include tenderness under the MP joint. Pain with maximum plantarflexion. Sudden or gradual drift to the side

Answer 14

MP subluxation/dislocationor “Metatarsalgia”

Question 15

How long does recovery process for bunion surgery take?

Answer 15

8 weeks

Question 16

Thickened skin that develops on the bottom of the foot secondary to abnormally high contact pressures

Answer 16

intractable plantar keratosis

Question 17

thickening of nerve tissue which occurs between the third and fourth toes. Result of nerve compression and irritation

Answer 17

Morton’s Neuroma

Question 18

Common patient compliant for Morton’s Neuroma

Answer 18

A feeling that there’s something in the shoe or a sock is bunched up

Question 19

Inflammation that develops at the calcaneal origin of the plantar fascia. Most common problem of foot

Answer 19

Plantar fasciitis

Question 20

Classic symptoms of plantar fasciitis

Answer 20

pain in the front of the heel, especially first thing in the morning and when rising from a chair.

Question 21

Patient presents with Pain on the inside of the ankle, Gradual falling arch, and Eventually pain on the outside of the foot and a severely flat and rotated foot

Answer 21

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

Question 22

Name the two tendons that you don’t do cortisone injections due to potential for rupture

Answer 22

posterior tibial tendon and achilles tendon

Question 23

Treatment for minor ankle sprain

Answer 23

rest, ice, compression, elevation

Question 24

Treatment for severe ankle sprain

Answer 24

Cast or boot brace immobilization X 5-7 days, then begin rehab exercises

Question 25

Most common joint of foot to have arthritis

Answer 25

great toe (hallux rigidus)

Question 26

Cause of midfoot arthritis

Answer 26

sprain of midfoot

Question 27

Patient presents with pain, swelling, warmth in the arch or instep that gets worse with use, better with rest. Hard bump that forms over the instep

Answer 27

midfoot arthritis

Question 28

Patient presents with Pain on the outside / front of the ankle(sinus tarsi). Pain in a horseshoe pattern around the heel. Better on level ground, bad on rough

Answer 28

subtalar arthritis

Question 29

Patient presents with stiffness of the ankle with pain across the front of the ankle

Answer 29

ankle arthritis

Question 30

Type of ankle fracture that’s usually treated in a cast whereas most others require surgery

Answer 30

non displaced fibula fractures

Question 31

Type of ankle fracture caused by high energy axial load involving weight bearing surface of tibia. Usually due to fall from height or MVa

Answer 31

pilon

Question 32

Type of ankle fracture caused by severe dorsiflexion injury. Interupts blood supply

Answer 32

talus neck

Question 33

Type of ankle fracture caused by the same mechanism as an ankle sprain. Difficult to dx. Casted if acute or fragments excised of late

Answer 33

talus lateral process

Question 34

What are calcaneus fractures associated with?

Answer 34

spine fractures

Question 35

“Jones” type fracture occurs at the junction of the shaft and base in an area of poor blood supply. Notorious for not healing

Answer 35

5th metatarsal fracture

Question 36

Common child hood fracture. Usually heals well with a boot brace

Answer 36

5th metatarsal base fracture

Question 37

Occurs in middle aged athletes. Preceding pain and swelling (tendonosis). Audible pop or tear

Answer 37

achilles tendon rupture

Question 38

performed when making the diagnosis of a torn Achilles tendon. examiner then squeezes the calf muscle. in a normal patient, should cause the toes to point downward. In a patient with a ruptured Achilles tendon, the foot will not move

Answer 38

Thompson test