The Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Most common ligament torn in ankle sprain

A

anterior talo-fibular ligament

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2
Q

Temporary treatment of ingrown toenail

A

lift nail and insert wool. cut a wedge of nail out of the way

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3
Q

Permanent treatment of ingrown toenail

A

remove the lateral margin of the nail and germinal matrix

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4
Q

Main oral treatment of fungal toenail

A

lamisil for 12 weeks

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5
Q

Deformity caused by flexed at proximal interphalangeal joint and extended at DIP joint

A

hammer toe

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6
Q

Deformity caused by flexion at both PIP and DIP joint

A

claw toe

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7
Q

Deformity caused by flexion at DIP joint

A

mallet toe

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8
Q

What are multiple hammer toes indicative of?

A

calf contracture or partial paralysis

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9
Q

callous on the lateral aspect of the 5th toe that develops secondary to shoe wear, and becomes painful

A

hard corn

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10
Q

two “kissing” lesions between toes

A

soft corn

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11
Q

hard inclusion of skin on the plantar foot caused by excess pressure

A

seed corn

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12
Q

First line treatment of hard and soft corns

A

trim the callous, pad the toe

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13
Q

Treatment for seed corn

A

Shell out the corn with a 15 blade scalpal

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14
Q

Symptoms include tenderness under the MP joint. Pain with maximum plantarflexion. Sudden or gradual drift to the side

A

MP subluxation/dislocationor “Metatarsalgia”

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15
Q

How long does recovery process for bunion surgery take?

A

8 weeks

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16
Q

Thickened skin that develops on the bottom of the foot secondary to abnormally high contact pressures

A

intractable plantar keratosis

17
Q

thickening of nerve tissue which occurs between the third and fourth toes. Result of nerve compression and irritation

A

Morton’s Neuroma

18
Q

Common patient compliant for Morton’s Neuroma

A

A feeling that there’s something in the shoe or a sock is bunched up

19
Q

Inflammation that develops at the calcaneal origin of the plantar fascia. Most common problem of foot

A

Plantar fasciitis

20
Q

Classic symptoms of plantar fasciitis

A

pain in the front of the heel, especially first thing in the morning and when rising from a chair.

21
Q

Patient presents with Pain on the inside of the ankle, Gradual falling arch, and Eventually pain on the outside of the foot and a severely flat and rotated foot

A

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

22
Q

Name the two tendons that you don’t do cortisone injections due to potential for rupture

A

posterior tibial tendon and achilles tendon

23
Q

Treatment for minor ankle sprain

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation

24
Q

Treatment for severe ankle sprain

A

Cast or boot brace immobilization X 5-7 days, then begin rehab exercises

25
Most common joint of foot to have arthritis
great toe (hallux rigidus)
26
Cause of midfoot arthritis
sprain of midfoot
27
Patient presents with pain, swelling, warmth in the arch or instep that gets worse with use, better with rest. Hard bump that forms over the instep
midfoot arthritis
28
Patient presents with Pain on the outside / front of the ankle(sinus tarsi). Pain in a horseshoe pattern around the heel. Better on level ground, bad on rough
subtalar arthritis
29
Patient presents with stiffness of the ankle with pain across the front of the ankle
ankle arthritis
30
Type of ankle fracture that's usually treated in a cast whereas most others require surgery
non displaced fibula fractures
31
Type of ankle fracture caused by high energy axial load involving weight bearing surface of tibia. Usually due to fall from height or MVa
pilon
32
Type of ankle fracture caused by severe dorsiflexion injury. Interupts blood supply
talus neck
33
Type of ankle fracture caused by the same mechanism as an ankle sprain. Difficult to dx. Casted if acute or fragments excised of late
talus lateral process
34
What are calcaneus fractures associated with?
spine fractures
35
“Jones” type fracture occurs at the junction of the shaft and base in an area of poor blood supply. Notorious for not healing
5th metatarsal fracture
36
Common child hood fracture. Usually heals well with a boot brace
5th metatarsal base fracture
37
Occurs in middle aged athletes. Preceding pain and swelling (tendonosis). Audible pop or tear
achilles tendon rupture
38
performed when making the diagnosis of a torn Achilles tendon. examiner then squeezes the calf muscle. in a normal patient, should cause the toes to point downward. In a patient with a ruptured Achilles tendon, the foot will not move
Thompson test