Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
High concentration of inorganic material in matrix of collagen fibers. Can remodel throughout life
skeletal system
Type of bone that is dense and resistant to compression
cortical
Type of bone that is formed by thin plates laid down in response to stress and shaped to accomodate loads
cancellous (trabecular)
Name of vascularized tissue surrounding bone providing nutrition
periosteum
tubes of concentric layers of bone that surround Haversian canals
osteon
surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes in lacunae – allows for mineral deposition
haversian canal
small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that communicate with the Haversian canals.
volkmann’s canal
What is the function of osteoclasts?
bone reabsorption
What is the function of osteoblasts?
bone production
What are osteocytes?
mature bone cells
Stages of fracture healing
hematoma–>fibrocartilage–>callus–>ossification–>remodeling
Most abundant mineral in the body, 99% is kept in the bones
calcium
Bone is laid down where it is needed and resorbed where it is not needed
Wolff’s Law
Medical condition that occurs when reabsorption of bone exceeds formation. Bones become weak and porous
osteoporosis
Smooth, shiny tissue on the end of long bones, minimizes friction. No blood supply. Composes of collagen with some inorganic salts, glycoproteins, and lipids
articular cartilage
What provides nutrients to the articular cartilage?
synovial fluid
What is the main structural protein in connective tissue?
collagen
Composed of Hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid. Reduces friction, aborbs shock, and transports nutrients and wastes
synovial fluid
Examples of hinge joint
elbow and finger joints
Examples of pivot joints
C1-2 and forearm
Examples of saddle joint
base of thumb
Example of mortise and tenon joint
ankle
Connects bone to bone. Provide stability and limit motion in a joint
ligaments
Connects muscle to bone. Allows for motion at a joint
tendons
Contractile unit of skeletal muscle
sarcomeres
tubules surrounding each myofilament. Release and sequester calcium ions
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. Generates an action potential which is propagated into the muscles. Membrane is depolarized, calcium flows in, myofilaments contract
acetylcholine
What occurs with concentric muscle contraction?
muscle shortens
What occurs with eccentric muscle contraction?
muscle lengthens
What occurs with isometric muscle contraction?
length of muscle doesn’t change
Type of muscle fibers used for aerobic events and posture
Slow oxidative (fatigue-resistant) fibers
Type of muscle fibers used for sprinting or climbing stairs
Fast oxidative (fatigue-resistant) fibers
Type of muscle fibers used for short powerful bursts like hitting a baseball (anaerobic glycolysis)
Fast glycolytic (fatigable) fibers
