Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

High concentration of inorganic material in matrix of collagen fibers. Can remodel throughout life

A

skeletal system

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2
Q

Type of bone that is dense and resistant to compression

A

cortical

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3
Q

Type of bone that is formed by thin plates laid down in response to stress and shaped to accomodate loads

A

cancellous (trabecular)

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4
Q

Name of vascularized tissue surrounding bone providing nutrition

A

periosteum

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5
Q

tubes of concentric layers of bone that surround Haversian canals

A

osteon

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6
Q

surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes in lacunae – allows for mineral deposition

A

haversian canal

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7
Q

small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that communicate with the Haversian canals.

A

volkmann’s canal

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8
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

bone reabsorption

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9
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

bone production

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10
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells

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11
Q

Stages of fracture healing

A

hematoma–>fibrocartilage–>callus–>ossification–>remodeling

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12
Q

Most abundant mineral in the body, 99% is kept in the bones

A

calcium

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13
Q

Bone is laid down where it is needed and resorbed where it is not needed

A

Wolff’s Law

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14
Q

Medical condition that occurs when reabsorption of bone exceeds formation. Bones become weak and porous

A

osteoporosis

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15
Q

Smooth, shiny tissue on the end of long bones, minimizes friction. No blood supply. Composes of collagen with some inorganic salts, glycoproteins, and lipids

A

articular cartilage

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16
Q

What provides nutrients to the articular cartilage?

A

synovial fluid

17
Q

What is the main structural protein in connective tissue?

A

collagen

18
Q

Composed of Hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid. Reduces friction, aborbs shock, and transports nutrients and wastes

A

synovial fluid

19
Q

Examples of hinge joint

A

elbow and finger joints

20
Q

Examples of pivot joints

A

C1-2 and forearm

21
Q

Examples of saddle joint

A

base of thumb

22
Q

Example of mortise and tenon joint

A

ankle

23
Q

Connects bone to bone. Provide stability and limit motion in a joint

A

ligaments

24
Q

Connects muscle to bone. Allows for motion at a joint

A

tendons

25
Q

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle

A

sarcomeres

26
Q

tubules surrounding each myofilament. Release and sequester calcium ions

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

Binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. Generates an action potential which is propagated into the muscles. Membrane is depolarized, calcium flows in, myofilaments contract

A

acetylcholine

28
Q

What occurs with concentric muscle contraction?

A

muscle shortens

29
Q

What occurs with eccentric muscle contraction?

A

muscle lengthens

30
Q

What occurs with isometric muscle contraction?

A

length of muscle doesn’t change

31
Q

Type of muscle fibers used for aerobic events and posture

A

Slow oxidative (fatigue-resistant) fibers

32
Q

Type of muscle fibers used for sprinting or climbing stairs

A

Fast oxidative (fatigue-resistant) fibers

33
Q

Type of muscle fibers used for short powerful bursts like hitting a baseball (anaerobic glycolysis)

A

Fast glycolytic (fatigable) fibers