Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

High concentration of inorganic material in matrix of collagen fibers. Can remodel throughout life

Answer 1

skeletal system

Question 2

Type of bone that is dense and resistant to compression

Answer 2

cortical

Question 3

Type of bone that is formed by thin plates laid down in response to stress and shaped to accomodate loads

Answer 3

cancellous (trabecular)

Question 4

Name of vascularized tissue surrounding bone providing nutrition

Answer 4

periosteum

Question 5

tubes of concentric layers of bone that surround Haversian canals

Answer 5

osteon

Question 6

surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout the bone and communicate with osteocytes in lacunae – allows for mineral deposition

Answer 6

haversian canal

Question 7

small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that communicate with the Haversian canals.

Answer 7

volkmann’s canal

Question 8

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 8

bone reabsorption

Question 9

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Answer 9

bone production

Question 10

What are osteocytes?

Answer 10

mature bone cells

Question 11

Stages of fracture healing

Answer 11

hematoma–>fibrocartilage–>callus–>ossification–>remodeling

Question 12

Most abundant mineral in the body, 99% is kept in the bones

Answer 12

calcium

Question 13

Bone is laid down where it is needed and resorbed where it is not needed

Answer 13

Wolff’s Law

Question 14

Medical condition that occurs when reabsorption of bone exceeds formation. Bones become weak and porous

Answer 14

osteoporosis

Question 15

Smooth, shiny tissue on the end of long bones, minimizes friction. No blood supply. Composes of collagen with some inorganic salts, glycoproteins, and lipids

Answer 15

articular cartilage

Question 16

What provides nutrients to the articular cartilage?

Answer 16

synovial fluid

Question 17

What is the main structural protein in connective tissue?

Answer 17

collagen

Question 18

Composed of Hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid. Reduces friction, aborbs shock, and transports nutrients and wastes

Answer 18

synovial fluid

Question 19

Examples of hinge joint

Answer 19

elbow and finger joints

Question 20

Examples of pivot joints

Answer 20

C1-2 and forearm

Question 21

Examples of saddle joint

Answer 21

base of thumb

Question 22

Example of mortise and tenon joint

Answer 22

ankle

Question 23

Connects bone to bone. Provide stability and limit motion in a joint

Answer 23

ligaments

Question 24

Connects muscle to bone. Allows for motion at a joint

Answer 24

tendons

Question 25

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle

Answer 25

sarcomeres

Question 26

tubules surrounding each myofilament. Release and sequester calcium ions

Answer 26

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

Binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. Generates an action potential which is propagated into the muscles. Membrane is depolarized, calcium flows in, myofilaments contract

Answer 27

acetylcholine

Question 28

What occurs with concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 28

muscle shortens

Question 29

What occurs with eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 29

muscle lengthens

Question 30

What occurs with isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 30

length of muscle doesn’t change

Question 31

Type of muscle fibers used for aerobic events and posture

Answer 31

Slow oxidative (fatigue-resistant) fibers

Question 32

Type of muscle fibers used for sprinting or climbing stairs

Answer 32

Fast oxidative (fatigue-resistant) fibers

Question 33

Type of muscle fibers used for short powerful bursts like hitting a baseball (anaerobic glycolysis)

Answer 33

Fast glycolytic (fatigable) fibers