MS Tumors Flashcards
Most common location of bone tumors whether primary or metastatics
metaphysis
Lab test marker for lymphoma
lactate dehydrogenase
Lab test for myeloma
urine protein electrophoresis
Lab test marker for osteosarcoma
alkaline phosphatase
Most common bone tumor usually at knee, proximal humerus. Causes mechanical problems/compression. Tender, palpable mass
osteochondroma
When do osteochondromas usually stop growing?
at skeletal maturity
Common primary bone tumor with cortical thickening in long bones and spine. Characteristic night pain that resolves w/NSAIDs
osteoid osteoma
Primary bone tumor and generally larger than osteoid osteomas. Doesn’t respond to NSAIDs. Have lytic appearance on x-ray
osteoblastoma
Cartilaginous metaplasia of synovial tissue. Multiple loose bodies. Joint swelling/pain, locking. Middle age (40-60)
synovial chondromatosis
What is the treatment for synovial chonromatosis?
loose body removal + synovectomy
Bone that forms outside the skeleton, especially around a joint, in response to trauma and/or surgery. Often seen in patients with head injury or spinal cord injury
heterotopic ossification
Treatment for heterotopic ossification to prevent further ossification
bisphosphonates
Ectopic bone in inflamed muscle after injury/contusion. Pain, swelling, mass, warmth, reduced motion
myositis ossificans
What is the difference between myositis ossificans and heterotrophic ossification?
heterotrophic ossification occurs at the joint while myosistis ossicifans occurs in the muscle usually after trauma
Fluid filled cyst in proximal femur and proximal humerus. Age 5-15, boys. Well-demarcated metaphyseal lesion with cortical thinning. Often asymptomatic.
unicameral bone cyst
Complication of unicameral bone cyst
can destroy physis w/resultant shortening
Most common treatment for unicameral bone cysts
Aspiration/injection at 2 month intervals
Expansile, lytic lesion with associated soft tissue mass. Epiphyseal areas. Pain and pathologic fracture presentation. locally aggressive, occasionally metastasize to lungs
giant cell tumor
Treatment of giant cell tumors
curettage with high speed burr
Expansile, lytic lesion
w/ thin shell of reactive bone. Fine bony blood filled spaces with thin fibrous septae. usually in . distal femur and proximal tibiaMRI -> fluid-fluid levels
aneurysmal bone cyst
Common in childhood. Eccentrically located in metaphysis of long bones. Cortex can be thinned and gently expanded. Rim of dense bone
fibrous cortical defect/non ossifying fibroma (FCD-NOF)
Benign fibro-osseous process in one or multiple bones. Mild expansion of bone, thinning of cortex, endosteal scalloping and “ground glass”appearance on X-ray. Progressive deformity with large lesions
fibrous dysplasia
Benign tumor of cartilage in diaphysis of long bone & hand. Can turn into chondrosarcomas
enchondroma
Rare epiphyseal tumor seen in knee, shoulder and hip. X-ray and histology similar to giant cell tumor. Well-circumscribed lesion (stippled calcification) on x-ray
chondroblastoma
Frequent incidental finding on MRI – vertebral body. Larger lesions can cause instability, pathologic Fx, radiculopathy
hemangioma
Most common soft tissue tumor. Arise anywhere on body. Usually asymptomatic, size variable. Soft and freely mobile on PE
lipoma
Most common solitary peripheral nerve neoplasm. Numbness and parasthesia symptoms
schwannoma
Proliferation of synovium to nodular villous masses. Painful knee with bloody effusion.
pigmented villonodular synovitis
most common site for skeletal metastases
spine
Peak incidence, males in second decade of life and older patients w/Pagets. increased bone density
and destruction, poorly defined margins. Skip lesions present on MRI. High risk of metastases
osteosarcoma
Lytic lesion with poor margins and stippled calcification. Usually 40 yrs of age or older. Not chemo or radio sensitive. Tx is surgical resection
chondrosarcomas
Presentation includes elevated calcium, renal failure, anemia, bone lesions
multiple myeloma
Most common cancers to have bone metatastes
breast and prostate
Difference between breast cancer and prostate cancer metastases
breast is usally osteolytic whereas prostate is usually blastic
