Back and Pelvis

Question 1

increased anterior convexity in the curvature of the spine

Answer 1

lordosis

Question 2

exaggeration of posterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column found commonly with OA and osteoporosis.

Answer 2

kyphosis

Question 3

lateral curve of the spine usually right convex thoracic, most of, which are idiopathic

Answer 3

scoliosis

Question 4

Anterior slip, bilateral pars defect, congenital usually L5 on S1, degenerative L4 on L5 - palpable step off with or without neurological symptoms

Answer 4

spondlolisthesis

Question 5

narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramen producing root ischemia or neurogenic claudication.

Answer 5

spinal stenosis

Question 6

stress fracture of pars interarticularis. indicated by prominence of L4/L5

Answer 6

spondylolysis

Question 7

Indicates hip joint pathology

Answer 7

decreased IR/ER or reproduction of pain

Question 8

Largest and strongest vertebra

Answer 8

lumbar

Question 9

Where do the muscles of the spine attach?

Answer 9

spinous and transverse processes

Question 10

What part of the disk does the herniated disk fragment come from?

Answer 10

nucleus pulposus

Question 11

Most common area of disk herniation that causes lateral and posterior thigh and leg pain (sciatica)

Answer 11

L5-S1

Question 12

Special test that is almost always positive when a patient has a herniated disk in lower levels of spine

Answer 12

straight-leg raise

Question 13

When do you consider surgery for herniated disks?

Answer 13

cauda equina syndrome or profound motor/neuro deficits

Question 14

exacerbated by standing erect and downhill ambulation and is alleviated with lying supine and forward flexion

Answer 14

neural claudication

Question 15

exacerbated with biking, uphill ambulation, and lumbar flexion and is not alleviated with standing

Answer 15

vascular claudication

Question 16

Physcial exam finding of spinal stenosis

Answer 16

pain with extension that is relieved with flexion

Question 17

What is the surgical procedure for spinal stenosis?

Answer 17

laminectomy

Question 18

Mechanism is usually trauma, spinal cord injury, compression of sacral nerve roots. *Urinary retention with neurogenic bladder. Is an emergency

Answer 18

cauda equina syndrome

Question 19

Joints affected by ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 19

sacroiliac and spinal facet joints

Question 20

Formation of bony bridges between adjacent vertebrae, and progressive ossification of extraspinal joint capsules and ligaments. This tissue replaces the disk fibers with new bone.

Answer 20

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 21

Most common presenting symptom of ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 21

low back pain

Question 22

Mainstay of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 22

lifelong exercise program

Question 23

Complication of severe compression fracture

Answer 23

burst fracture

Question 24

Hallmark symptom of lumbar compression fractures

Answer 24

midline back pain

Question 25

What causes the kyphosis associated with vertebral compression fractures?

Answer 25

wedge shape of fracture

Question 26

At what degree of curvation should you consider bracing a scoliotic patient?

Answer 26

20-40 degrees

Question 27

A measure of the resulting scoliosis angle based on radiographs

Answer 27

Cobb's angle

Question 28

What muscle test assesses muscle strength of L1-L3 and depends on iliopsoas?

Answer 28

hip flexion

Question 29

Describe the location to check for sensory nerve distribution of L1-L3

Answer 29

between inguinal ligament and above patellae

Question 30

What muscle test assesses L4 neurogenic level and is accomplished through the anterior tibialis muscle?

Answer 30

dorsiflexion of ankle

Question 31

What muscle test assesses L5 neurogenic level and is accomplished through the extensor hallucus longus?

Answer 31

great toe extension

Question 32

What neurogenic sensory area does L5 cover?

Answer 32

lateral leg and dorsum of foot

Question 33

What neurogenic sensory area does L4 cover?

Answer 33

medial foot and leg

Question 34

What neurogenic sensory area does S1 cover?

Answer 34

lateral foot

Question 35

What muscle test assesses S1 neurogenic level and is accomplished by the peroneus longus and brevis?

Answer 35

ankle eversion