Back and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

increased anterior convexity in the curvature of the spine

A

lordosis

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2
Q

exaggeration of posterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column found commonly with OA and osteoporosis.

A

kyphosis

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3
Q

lateral curve of the spine usually right convex thoracic, most of, which are idiopathic

A

scoliosis

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4
Q

Anterior slip, bilateral pars defect, congenital usually L5 on S1, degenerative L4 on L5 - palpable step off with or without neurological symptoms

A

spondlolisthesis

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5
Q

narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramen producing root ischemia or neurogenic claudication.

A

spinal stenosis

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6
Q

stress fracture of pars interarticularis. indicated by prominence of L4/L5

A

spondylolysis

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7
Q

Indicates hip joint pathology

A

decreased IR/ER or reproduction of pain

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8
Q

Largest and strongest vertebra

A

lumbar

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9
Q

Where do the muscles of the spine attach?

A

spinous and transverse processes

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10
Q

What part of the disk does the herniated disk fragment come from?

A

nucleus pulposus

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11
Q

Most common area of disk herniation that causes lateral and posterior thigh and leg pain (sciatica)

A

L5-S1

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12
Q

Special test that is almost always positive when a patient has a herniated disk in lower levels of spine

A

straight-leg raise

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13
Q

When do you consider surgery for herniated disks?

A

cauda equina syndrome or profound motor/neuro deficits

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14
Q

exacerbated by standing erect and downhill ambulation and is alleviated with lying supine and forward flexion

A

neural claudication

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15
Q

exacerbated with biking, uphill ambulation, and lumbar flexion and is not alleviated with standing

A

vascular claudication

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16
Q

Physcial exam finding of spinal stenosis

A

pain with extension that is relieved with flexion

17
Q

What is the surgical procedure for spinal stenosis?

A

laminectomy

18
Q

Mechanism is usually trauma, spinal cord injury, compression of sacral nerve roots. *Urinary retention with neurogenic bladder. Is an emergency

A

cauda equina syndrome

19
Q

Joints affected by ankylosing spondylitis

A

sacroiliac and spinal facet joints

20
Q

Formation of bony bridges between adjacent vertebrae, and progressive ossification of extraspinal joint capsules and ligaments. This tissue replaces the disk fibers with new bone.

A

ankylosing spondylitis

21
Q

Most common presenting symptom of ankylosing spondylitis

A

low back pain

22
Q

Mainstay of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis

A

lifelong exercise program

23
Q

Complication of severe compression fracture

A

burst fracture

24
Q

Hallmark symptom of lumbar compression fractures

A

midline back pain

25
Q

What causes the kyphosis associated with vertebral compression fractures?

A

wedge shape of fracture

26
Q

At what degree of curvation should you consider bracing a scoliotic patient?

A

20-40 degrees

27
Q

A measure of the resulting scoliosis angle based on radiographs

A

Cobb’s angle

28
Q

What muscle test assesses muscle strength of L1-L3 and depends on iliopsoas?

A

hip flexion

29
Q

Describe the location to check for sensory nerve distribution of L1-L3

A

between inguinal ligament and above patellae

30
Q

What muscle test assesses L4 neurogenic level and is accomplished through the anterior tibialis muscle?

A

dorsiflexion of ankle

31
Q

What muscle test assesses L5 neurogenic level and is accomplished through the extensor hallucus longus?

A

great toe extension

32
Q

What neurogenic sensory area does L5 cover?

A

lateral leg and dorsum of foot

33
Q

What neurogenic sensory area does L4 cover?

A

medial foot and leg

34
Q

What neurogenic sensory area does S1 cover?

A

lateral foot

35
Q

What muscle test assesses S1 neurogenic level and is accomplished by the peroneus longus and brevis?

A

ankle eversion