The Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Vocabulary Flashcards
Rare, lethal condition resulting in abnormal development of the bones and cartilage
Achondrogenesis
A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism
Achondroplasia
Group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts in the amnion, often resulting in fetal amputations or clefting
Amniotic Band Syndrome
No amniotic fluid
Anhydroamnios
Includes bones of the upper extremities, lower extremities, and pelvic girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
A way in which a disorder or trait can be inherited by a fetus; at least one of the parents has to be a carrier of the gene for the disease
Autosomal Dominant Disorder
Includes the bones of the cranium and spine
Axial Skeleton
Syndrome associated with then absence of the sacrum and coccyx; also referred to as sacral agenesis
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Protrusions of intracranial contents through a defect in the skull
Cephalocele
The abnormal shape of the cranium caused by premature fusion of the sutures in which there is frontal bossing and a cloverleaf shape to the skull
Cloverleaf Skull
A malformation of the bones of the foot in which the foot is most often inverted and rotated medially, and the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula
Clubfoot
Abnormal short stature
Dwarfism
Denotes the abnormal development of a structure
Dysplasia
Protrusion of brain tissue through a defect in the skull
Encephalocele
The angling of the frontal bones that produces an unusually prominent forehead
Frontal Bossing
The anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element
Hemivertebra
Most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by rhizomelia
Heterozygous Achondroplasia
The fatal form of achondroplasia
Homozygous Achondroplasia
The combination of both scoliosis and kyphosis in the fetus
Kyphoscoliosis
An abnormal posterior curvature of the spine
Kyphosis
A group of disorders with sonographic findings including a short or absent umbilical cord, ventral wall defects, limb defects, craniofacial defects, and scoliosis
Limb-Body Wall Complex
The coverings of the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Herniation of the cranial or spinal meninges because of an open cranial or spinal defect; contains cerebrospinal fluid but no nerve tissue
Meningocele
Mass that results from an open spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges; also referred to as a myelomeningocele
Meningomyelocele
