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ARDMS- OB/GYN Exam Prep > Gynecologic Sonography Overview Vocabulary > Flashcards

Gynecologic Sonography Overview Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

The area located posterior to the board ligaments, adjacent to the uterus, which contain the uterus and fallopian tubes

A

Adnexa

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2
Q

A protein produced by the fetal yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver; may also be produced by some malignant tumors

A

Alpho-fetoprotein

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3
Q

Birth defect in which the external genitalia appear neither recognizably male or female

A

Ambiguous Genitalia

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4
Q

The absence of menstruation

A

Amenorrhea

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5
Q

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

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6
Q

A tumor marker in the blood that can indicate certain types of cancers such as cancer of the ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs; stands for cancer antigen 125

A

CA-125

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7
Q

A diagnostic modality that utilizes ionizing radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstructed 3D formats

A

Computed tomography

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8
Q

Difficult or painful menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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9
Q

Painful sexual intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

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10
Q

Painful or difficult urination

A

Dysuria

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11
Q

The sonographic appearance of a structure

A

Echotexture

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12
Q

A means of looking inside the human body by utilizing an endoscope

A

Endoscopy

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13
Q

A distinct layering of fluids within a cyst or cystic structure that is caused by the presence of at least two different fluid compositions

A

Fluid-fluid level

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14
Q

A catheter placed into the urinary bladder via the urethra that is used to drain urine; it can also be clamped and used to temporarily distend the bladder for pelvic sonography

A

Foley catheter

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15
Q

A laboratory value that indicates the amount of red blood cells in blood

A

Hematocrit

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16
Q

Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible

A

Hirsutism

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17
Q

A hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

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18
Q

The dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder; also referred to as pelvocaliectasis, pelviectasis, or pyelectasis

A

Hydronephrosis

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19
Q

Decreased or scant menstrual flow; regular timed menses but light flow

A

Hypomenorrhea

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20
Q

An enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker for some ovarian tumors

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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21
Q

A diagnostic modality that utilizes electromagnetic radiation to produce images of the human body in cross-sectional and reconstructed 3D formats

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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22
Q

Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of some benign ovarian tumors

A

Meigs syndrome

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23
Q

Excessive or prolonged bleeding between periods

A

Menometrorrhagia

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24
Q

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation

A

Menorrhagia

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25
Q

Irregular menstrual bleeding between periods; intermenstrual bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

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26
Q

Having multiple chambers or compartments; having more than one internal cavity

A

Multiloculated

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27
Q

Growth or masses attached to the wall of a structure, most likely a cyst

A

Mural nodules

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28
Q

A mass of tissue that contains abnormal cells; also called a tumor

A

Neoplasm

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29
Q

A diagnostic imaging modality that utilizes the administration of radionuclides into the human body for an analysis of the function of organs, or for the treatment of various abnormalities

A

Nuclear medicine

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30
Q

An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary

A

Ovarian torsion

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31
Q

An infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and/or the Fallopian tubes

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

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32
Q

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural effusion

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33
Q

A syndrome charcterized by anovulatory cycles, infertility, hirsutism, amenorrhea, and obesity; may also be referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome

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34
Q

An intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or, possibly, a malignant tumor of the appendix

A

Psuedomyxoma Peritonei

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35
Q

A diagnostic imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation for imaging bones, organs, and some soft tissue structures

A

Radiography

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36
Q

Separations; structures that divide something into separate sections

A

Septations

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37
Q

A sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and Fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

A

Sonohysterogram

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38
Q

A breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast

A

Tamoxifen

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39
Q

Sonogram that requires the transducer be placed against the labia; often used for imaging of the cervix

A

Translabial sonogram

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40
Q

Having one chamber or compartment

A

Unilocular

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41
Q

Changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens; may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism

A

Virilization

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42
Q

Artifact caused by large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes

A

Reverberation

Ex: Echogenic region in the anterior aspect of the urinary bladder

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43
Q

Artifact produced by a strong specular reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than the correct location

A

Mirror image

Ex: Artifactual duplicate uterus during endovaginal sonogram

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44
Q

Artifact caused by attenuation of the sound beam

A

Shadowing

Ex: Posterior to pelvic bones or a tooth within a cystic teratoma

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45
Q

Artifact that appears as a solid streak or a chain of parallel bands radiating away from a structure

A

Ring-down

Ex: Gas or air within the endometrium secondary to endometritis

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46
Q

Artifact caused by air or bowel gas

A

Dirty shadowing

Ex: Emanates from bowel, or posterior to gas within can abscess

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47
Q

Artifact produced when the sound beam is barely attenuated through a fluid or fluid-filled structure

A

Posterior enhancement / Through transmission

Ex: Posterior to urinary bladder or simple cyst

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48
Q

Peripheral arteries of the arteries that lie at the edge of the myometrium

A

Arcuate arteries

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49
Q

Bilateral muscles located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest

A

Iliopsoas muscle

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50
Q

Paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries

A

Obturator internus muscle

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51
Q

Pelvic muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum

A

Coccygeus muscle

52
Q

Paired pelvic muscles located posteriorly that extends from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter

A

Piriformis muscle

53
Q

Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium

A

Radial arteries

54
Q

Tiny, coiled arteries that supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium

A

Spiral arteries

55
Q

Uterine radial artery branch that supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium

A

Straight arteries

56
Q

Branches of the internal iliac artery that supply blood to the uterus, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes

A

Uterine arteries

57
Q

Extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis and is a double fold of peritoneum

A

Broad ligaments

58
Q

Extends from uterine cornua to labia majora between the folds of the broad ligaments

A

Round ligaments

59
Q

Extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side wallsand is a double fold of peritoneum

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovaries (Infundibulopelvic)

60
Q

Extends from ovary to lateral surface of the uterus

A

Ovarian ligaments

61
Q

Extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of vagina

A

Cardinal ligament

62
Q

Extends from uterus to sacrum

A

Uterosacral ligament

63
Q

Ligament that supports the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

A

Broad ligaments

64
Q

Ligament that supports the uterus (fundus)

A

Round ligaments

65
Q

Ligament that supports the ovaries and fallopian tubes

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovaries

66
Q

Ligament that supports the ovaries

A

Ovarian ligaments

67
Q

Ligament that supports the cervix and houses the vasculature of uterus

A

Cardinal ligament

68
Q

Ligament that supports the uterus

A

Uterosacral ligament

69
Q

The uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming an acute angle between the body and the cervix

A

Anteflexion

70
Q

The typical version of the uterus where the uterine body tilts forward, forming a 90-degree angle with the cervix

A

Anteversion

71
Q

The nonfunctional outer layer of the endometrium

A

Basal layer

72
Q

A common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into two horns; also referred to as bicornis unicollis

A

Bicornuate uterus

73
Q

Limp

A

Boggy

74
Q

The rigid region of the uterus located between the isthmus and the vagina

A

Cervix

75
Q

Areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are attached bilaterally

A

Cornua of the uterus

76
Q

The uterine body

A

Corpus of the uterus

77
Q

The long axis of the uterus deviating to the right of the midline

A

Dextroverted uterus

78
Q

A drug administered to pregnant women from the 1940’s to the 1970’s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus

A

Diethylstibeestrol (DES)

79
Q

Difficult or painful defecation

A

Dyschezia

80
Q

Area that lies between the two layers of endometrium; may also be referred to as the uterine cavity

A

Endometrial cavity

81
Q

The inner mucosal layer of the uterus

A

Endometrium

82
Q

The inferior portion of the cervix that is in close contact with the vagina

A

External os

83
Q

The functional inner layer of the endometrium that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle

A

Functional layer

84
Q

Blood accumulation within the vagina

A

Hematocolpos

85
Q

Blood accumulation within the uterine cavity

A

Hematometra

86
Q

Blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina

A

Hematometrocolpos

87
Q

Fluid accumulation within the vagina

A

Hydrocolpos

88
Q

Fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina

A

Hydrometrocolpos

89
Q

A radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and Fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

A

Hysterosalpingography

90
Q

The surgical repair of a uterine septum in a septate uterus using a hysteroscopy

A

Hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty

91
Q

A vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening, therefore resulting in an obstruction of the vagina

A

Imperforate hymen

92
Q

The superior portion of the cervix closest to the isthmus

A

Internal os

93
Q

Area of the uterus between the corpus and the cervix

A

Isthmus of the uterus

94
Q

The long axis of the uterus deviating to the left of the midline

A

Levoverted uterus

95
Q

The term used for the isthmus of the uterus during pregnancy

A

Lower uterine segment

96
Q

A fibroid treatment that utilizes focused high-frequency, high-energy ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance imaging to heat and destroy fibroid tissue

A

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound

97
Q

Paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract

A

Mullerian ducts

98
Q

The surgical removal of a myoma (fibroid) of the uterus

A

Myomectomy

99
Q

The muscular layer of the uterus

A

Myometrium

100
Q

The first 4 weeks (28 days) after birth

A

Neonatal

101
Q

The total number of pregnancies in which the patient has given birth to a fetus at or beyond 20 weeks gestational age or an infant weighing more than 500g

A

Parity

102
Q

The outer layer of the uterus, may also be referred to as the serosal layer

A

Perimetrium

103
Q

Secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources such as ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors, or steroid use

A

Pseudoprecocious puberty

104
Q

The uterine body tilts backward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming an acute angle between the body and the cervix

A

Retroflexion

105
Q

The uterine body tilts backward, without a bend where the cervix and the body meet

A

Retroversion

106
Q

Common congenital malformation malformation of the uterus that results in a single septum that separates two endometrial cavities

A

Septate uterus

107
Q

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a normal uterine contour with an endometrium that branches into two horns

A

Subseptate uterus

108
Q

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a uterus with one horn

A

Unicornuate uterus

109
Q

Procedure used to block the blood supply to a leiomyoma

A

Uterine artery embolization

110
Q

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina

A

Uterus didelphys

111
Q

Occlusion or imperforation of the vagina; can be congenital or acquired

A

Vaginal atresia

112
Q

The portion of the vagina remaining after a hysterectomy

A

Vaginal cuff

113
Q

Recesses of the vagina

A

Vaginal fornices

114
Q

The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube

A

Ampulla

115
Q

Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube

A

Cilia

116
Q

The remaining structure of the corpus lute after its deterioration

A

Corpus Albicans

117
Q

Temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle after ovulation

A

Corpus Luteum

118
Q

The corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and primarily progesterone

A

Corpus Luteum of Pregnancy

119
Q

Structure that contains the developing oocyte

A

Culumus Oophorus

120
Q

The outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the skin, hair, nails, and other structures

A

Ectoderm

121
Q

The germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

A

Endoderm

122
Q

The name for the dominant follicle prior to ovulation

A

Graafian follicle

123
Q

A radiographie procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and Fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

A

Hysterosalpingography

124
Q

Destruction or breaking down

A

Lysis

125
Q

Developing into cancer

A

Malignant Degeneration

ARDMS- OB/GYN Exam Prep (34 decks)

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