The Fetal Genitourinary System Vocabulary Flashcards
A membrane that is present during early embryonic development that contributes to urinary bladder formation and development
Allantois
A birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined
Ambiguous Genitalia
A way in which a disorder or trait can be inherited by a fetus; at least one of the parents has to be the carrier of the gene for the disease
Autosomal Dominant
An inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts later on in life; also referred to as adult polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
A way in which a disorder or trait can be inherited by a fetus; both parents must be carriers of the gene for the disease
Autosomal Recessive
An inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as infantile polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
A birth defect in which the bladder is located outside of the abdomen
Bladder Exstrophy
Dilation of the calices
Caliectasis
Enlargement of the clitoris
Clitoromegaly
The embryonic structure that develops into the normal rectum and urogenital sinus
Cloaca
Birth defect consisting of omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida; also referred to as OEIS complex
Cloacal Exstrophy
Enlargement of an organ secondary to an increased workload; often seen when part of the has been destroyed or when there is an absence or decreased function of paired organs
Compensatory Hypertrophy
The attachment of the lower poles of the kidneys by a band of renal tissue that crosses the midline of the abdomen
Horseshoe Kidneys
A fluid collection within the scrotum between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
Hydrocele
The dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Hydronephrosis
Distention of the ureter with fluid because of an obstruction
Hydroureter
Abnormal ventral curvature of the penis as a result of a shortened urethra that exits on the ventral penile shaft
Hypospadias
The sonographic appearance of a dilated fetal bladder and urethra in the presence of bladder outlet obstruction
“Keyhole” Sign
The sonographic appearance of the adrenal gland in a parallel position within the abdomen as a result of renal agenesis
“Lying down” Sign
Fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys
Meckel-Gruber Syndrome
An abnormally enlarged urinary bladder
Megacystitis
An enlarged ureter; can be congenital or acquired
Megaureter
The most common solid fetal renal mass
Mesoblastic Nephroma
An abnormally small penis
Micropenis
A fetal renal disease thought to be caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to the development of multiple noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes in the renal fossa
Multicystic Displastic Kidney Disease
Malignant tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland anywhere within the sympathetic nervous system
Neuroblastoma
A fetal disorder caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to small and echogenic kidneys that have cysts located along their margins
Obstructive Cystic Dysplasia
Dilation of the renal pelvis; may also be referred to as pyelectasis
Pelviectasis
The region between the external genitalia and the anus
Perineum
Irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that does not allow urine to exit the urethra
Posterior Urethral Valves
Facial features seen with severe oligohydroamnios, including low set ears, flattened nose wrinkled skin, and micrognathia
Potter Facies
Physical features of a fetus as a result of oligohydroamnios; characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities; also referred to a Potter sequence
Potter Syndrome
Syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by the extremely enlarged urinary bladder
Prune Belly Syndrome
Underdevelopment of the lungs
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Failure of the kidney to develop; may be unilateral or bilateral
Renal Agenesis
The part of the collecting system that encompasses the apex of the renal pyramids
Renal Calices
Refers to an abnormal location of the kidneys
Renal Ectopia
The region where the kidney is located the abdomen
Renal Fossa
Measurement of the fetal renal pelvis; this dimension is obtained from the transverse kidney plane
Renal Pelvic Diameter
Canal connecting the fetal bladder with the allantois; normally closes during fetal development and becomes a fibrous cord
Urachus
An abnormailty in which the distal ureter projects into the urinary bladder
Ureterocele
An obstruction located in the region where the ureter meets the renal pelvis
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
An obstruction located in the region where the ureter meets the bladder
Ureterovesicular Junction Obstruction
The congenital absence of the urethra
Urethral Atresia
