The Fetal Genitourinary System Vocabulary

Question 1

A membrane that is present during early embryonic development that contributes to urinary bladder formation and development

Answer 1

Allantois

Question 2

A birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined

Answer 2

Ambiguous Genitalia

Question 3

A way in which a disorder or trait can be inherited by a fetus; at least one of the parents has to be the carrier of the gene for the disease

Answer 3

Autosomal Dominant

Question 4

An inherited disease that results in the development of renal, liver, and pancreatic cysts later on in life; also referred to as adult polycystic kidney disease

Answer 4

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 5

A way in which a disorder or trait can be inherited by a fetus; both parents must be carriers of the gene for the disease

Answer 5

Autosomal Recessive

Question 6

An inherited renal disease that results in bilateral enlargement of the fetal kidneys and microscopic renal cysts; also referred to as infantile polycystic kidney disease

Answer 6

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 7

A birth defect in which the bladder is located outside of the abdomen

Answer 7

Bladder Exstrophy

Question 8

Dilation of the calices

Answer 8

Caliectasis

Question 9

Enlargement of the clitoris

Answer 9

Clitoromegaly

Question 10

The embryonic structure that develops into the normal rectum and urogenital sinus

Answer 10

Cloaca

Question 11

Birth defect consisting of omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida; also referred to as OEIS complex

Answer 11

Cloacal Exstrophy

Question 12

Enlargement of an organ secondary to an increased workload; often seen when part of the has been destroyed or when there is an absence or decreased function of paired organs

Answer 12

Compensatory Hypertrophy

Question 13

The attachment of the lower poles of the kidneys by a band of renal tissue that crosses the midline of the abdomen

Answer 13

Horseshoe Kidneys

Question 14

A fluid collection within the scrotum between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 14

Hydrocele

Question 15

The dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 15

Hydronephrosis

Question 16

Distention of the ureter with fluid because of an obstruction

Answer 16

Hydroureter

Question 17

Abnormal ventral curvature of the penis as a result of a shortened urethra that exits on the ventral penile shaft

Answer 17

Hypospadias

Question 18

The sonographic appearance of a dilated fetal bladder and urethra in the presence of bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 18

“Keyhole” Sign

Question 19

The sonographic appearance of the adrenal gland in a parallel position within the abdomen as a result of renal agenesis

Answer 19

“Lying down” Sign

Question 20

Fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys

Answer 20

Meckel-Gruber Syndrome

Question 21

An abnormally enlarged urinary bladder

Answer 21

Megacystitis

Question 22

An enlarged ureter; can be congenital or acquired

Answer 22

Megaureter

Question 23

The most common solid fetal renal mass

Answer 23

Mesoblastic Nephroma

Question 24

An abnormally small penis

Answer 24

Micropenis

Question 25

A fetal renal disease thought to be caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to the development of multiple noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes in the renal fossa

Answer 25

Multicystic Displastic Kidney Disease

Question 26

Malignant tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland anywhere within the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

Neuroblastoma

Question 27

A fetal disorder caused by an early renal obstruction; leads to small and echogenic kidneys that have cysts located along their margins

Answer 27

Obstructive Cystic Dysplasia

Question 28

Dilation of the renal pelvis; may also be referred to as pyelectasis

Answer 28

Pelviectasis

Question 29

The region between the external genitalia and the anus

Answer 29

Perineum

Question 30

Irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that does not allow urine to exit the urethra

Answer 30

Posterior Urethral Valves

Question 31

Facial features seen with severe oligohydroamnios, including low set ears, flattened nose wrinkled skin, and micrognathia

Answer 31

Potter Facies

Question 32

Physical features of a fetus as a result of oligohydroamnios; characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities; also referred to a Potter sequence

Answer 32

Potter Syndrome

Question 33

Syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by the extremely enlarged urinary bladder

Answer 33

Prune Belly Syndrome

Question 34

Underdevelopment of the lungs

Answer 34

Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Question 35

Failure of the kidney to develop; may be unilateral or bilateral

Answer 35

Renal Agenesis

Question 36

The part of the collecting system that encompasses the apex of the renal pyramids

Answer 36

Renal Calices

Question 37

Refers to an abnormal location of the kidneys

Answer 37

Renal Ectopia

Question 38

The region where the kidney is located the abdomen

Answer 38

Renal Fossa

Question 39

Measurement of the fetal renal pelvis; this dimension is obtained from the transverse kidney plane

Answer 39

Renal Pelvic Diameter

Question 40

Canal connecting the fetal bladder with the allantois; normally closes during fetal development and becomes a fibrous cord

Answer 40

Urachus

Question 41

An abnormailty in which the distal ureter projects into the urinary bladder

Answer 41

Ureterocele

Question 42

An obstruction located in the region where the ureter meets the renal pelvis

Answer 42

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Question 43

An obstruction located in the region where the ureter meets the bladder

Answer 43

Ureterovesicular Junction Obstruction

Question 44

The congenital absence of the urethra

Answer 44

Urethral Atresia