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ARDMS- OB/GYN Exam Prep > The Fetal Head and Brain Pathology > Flashcards

The Fetal Head and Brain Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The absence of the cranial vault above the bony orbits

A

Acrania

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2
Q

The congenital absence of the corpus callosum which may be partial or complete

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

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3
Q

The most severe form of holoprosencephaly

A

Alobar holoprosencephaly

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4
Q

A neural tube defect that is described as the absence of the cranium and cerebral hemisphere

A

Anencephaly

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5
Q

The absence of the eye(s)

A

Anophthalmia

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6
Q

Genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis, midline facial hypoplasia, and syndactyly

A

Apert Syndrome

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7
Q

The abnormal narrowing of the cerebral aqueduct

A

Aqueductal Stenosis

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8
Q

Benign cysts within the brain that do not communicate with the ventricular system

A

Arachnoid Cysts

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9
Q

A group of cranial abnormalities associated with spina bifida

A

Arnold-Chiari II Malformation

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10
Q

Round skull head shape

A

Brachycephalic

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11
Q

Colse-set eyes (hypotelorism) and a nose with a single nostril

A

Cebocephaly

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12
Q

The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn

A

Colpocephaly

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13
Q

The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid from a source outside the ventricular system

A

Communicating Hydrocephaly

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14
Q

Fusion of the orbits

A

Cyclopia

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15
Q

A spectrum of posterior fossa abnormalities that involves the cystic dilatation of the cisterna magna and fourth ventricle

A

Dandy-Walker Complex

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16
Q

Congenital brain malformation in which there is an enlargement of the cisterna magna, agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, and dilation of the fourth ventricle

A

Dandy-Walker Malformation

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17
Q

A sonographic sign associated with ventriculomegaly when the choriod plexus is noted hanging freely within the dilated lateral ventricle

A

Dangling Cord Sign

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18
Q

An elongated, narrow head shape; may also be referred to as scaphocephaly

A

Dolichocephaly

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19
Q

A form of acrania in which in which the entire cerebrum is located outside the skull

A

Exencephaly

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20
Q

Herniation of abdominal contents through a right-sided, periumbilical abdominal wall defect

A

Gastroschisis

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21
Q

A group of brain abnormalities consisting of varying degrees of fusion of the lateral ventricles, absence of the midline structures, an associated facial anomalies

A

Holoprosencephaly

22
Q

A fatal condition in which the entire cerebrum is replaced by a large sac containing cerebrospinal fluid

A

Hydranencephaly

23
Q

Refers to the dilatation of the ventricular system caused by an increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in increased intraventricular pressure

A

Hydrocephalus

24
Q

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities

A

Hydrops

25
Q

Incomplete growth of a structure or an organ

A

Hypoplasia

26
Q

Reduced distance between the orbits

A

Hypotelorism

27
Q

General term used to denote a hemorrhage within the hemorrhage

A

Intracranial Hemorrhage

28
Q

Hemorrhage located within the ventricles of the brain

A

Intraventricular Hemorrhage

29
Q

“Smooth brain”; condition where there is a little to no gyri or sulci within the cerebral cortex

A

Lissencephaly

30
Q

The least severe form of the holoprosencephaly

A

Lobar Holoprosencephaly

31
Q

An enlarged head circumference

A

Macrocephaly

32
Q

A fetal syndrome associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalocele, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys

A

Meckel-Gruber Syndrome

33
Q

A subdivision within the middle of the lip

A

Median Cleft Lip

34
Q

An enlargement of the cisterna magna as defined by as defined by a depth of more than 10mm

A

Mega Cisterna Magna

35
Q

Herniation of the cranial or spinal meninges because of an open cranial or a spinal defect

A

Meningocele

36
Q

Small head

A

Microcephaly

37
Q

One large ventricle within the brain associated with holoprosencephaly

A

Monoventricle

38
Q

Mass that results from spina bifida that contains the spinal cord and the meninges

A

Myelomeningocele

39
Q

The obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid from a source within the ventricular system

A

Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

40
Q

An anterior abdominal wall defect where there is herniation of the fetal bowel and other abdominal organs into the base of the umbilical cord

A

Omphalocele

41
Q

A condition in which a cyst, most often caused by an intraparenchymal hemorrhage, communicates with a lateral ventricle

A

Porencephaly

42
Q

Fleshy, tongue-like appendage that is typically located within the midline above the orbits in association with cyclopia and holoprosencephaly

A

Proboscis

43
Q

A cerebral malformation associated with the development of fluid-filled clefts

A

Schizencephaly

44
Q

A group of neural tube defects that describe some manifestation of incomplete closure of the spine

A

Spinal Dysraphism

45
Q

The most common lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a cloverleaf skull with frontal bossing and hydrocephalus

A

Thanatophoric Dysplasia

46
Q

An acronym that stands for a group of infections that may be acquired by a women during pregnancy

A

TORCH infections

47
Q

A fetus that has three of every chromosome

A

Triploidy

48
Q

Chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 8; also referred to as Warkany Syndrome 2

A

Trisomy 8

49
Q

Chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 13; also referred to as Patau Syndrome; often associated with holoprosencephaly

A

Trisomy 13

50
Q

Chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 18; also referred to as Edwards syndrome

A

Trisomy 18

51
Q

Chromosomal aberration in which there is a third chromosome 21; also referred to as Down Syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

52
Q

An arteriovenous malformation that occurs within the fetal brain and is associated with congestive heart failure

A

Vein of Galen Aneurysm

ARDMS- OB/GYN Exam Prep (34 decks)

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