The Fetal Heart and Chest Flashcards
Abnormality in which there is a small or absent opening between the left ventricle and aorta
Aortic Atresia
Abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
Aortic Stenosis
Abnormal development of the central portion of the heart; also referred to as endocardial cushion defect
Atrioventricular Defect
The sonographic appearance of a fetal unilateral pleural effusion
“Bat-wing” sign
The herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm
Bochdalek Hernia
Tendons within the heart that attach the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle to their respective papillary muscle
Chordae Tendinae
The narrowing of the aortic arch
Coarctation of the Aorta
A mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lunch tissue that develops within the fetal chest
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
The herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm
Diaphragmatic Hernia
A genetic disorder characterized by an absent or hypoplastic thymus, which ultimately leads to impairment, of the immune system and susceptibly to infection, as well as cognitive disorders, congenital heart defects, plate defects, and hormonal abnormalities
DiGeorge Syndrome
A fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch
Ductus Ateriosus
A fetal shunt that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
Ductus Venosus
The malformation or malpositioning of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects
Ebstein Anomaly
A condition in which the heart is located either partially or completely outside the fetal chest
Ectopic Cordis
Lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
Eventration of the Diaphragm
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities
Fetal Hydrops
An opening located in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm
Foramen of Bochdalek
An opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm
Foramen of Morgagni
An opening within the fetal heart within the atrial septum that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium
Foramen Ovale
Incomplete development of the left ventricle, resulting in a small or absent left ventricle
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Incomplete development of the left ventricle, resulting in a small or absent right ventricle
Hypoplastic Right Heart Syndrome
A test of the amniotic fluid that predicts fetal lung maturity
Lecithin to Sphingomyelin Ratio
A lower than normal amount of amniotic fluid for the gestational age
Oligohydroamnios
Paired muscles in both sides of the heartbeat hold in place either the mitral or tricuspid valves
Papillary Muscle
A group of anomalies that includes omphalocele, along with ectopic cords, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Fluid accumulation around the heart in the pericardial cavity
Pericardial Effusion
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Pleural Effusion
Syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities
Potter Syndrome
The absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs
Pulmonary Atresia
Underdevelopment of the lungs
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
A separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply
Pulmonary Sequestration
The narrowing of the pulmonary valve
Pulmonary stenosis
A fetal heart tumor found within the myocardium
Rhabdomyoma
A group of abnormalities consisting of an overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of Fallot
Abnormality in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta rises from the right ventricle
Transposition of the Great Vessels
The leakage of blood back through the tricuspid valve
Tricuspid Regurgitation
A systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs
Tuberous Sclerosis
An opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles
Ventricular Septal Defect