The Fetal Heart and Chest

Question 1

Abnormality in which there is a small or absent opening between the left ventricle and aorta

Answer 1

Aortic Atresia

Question 2

Abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve

Answer 2

Aortic Stenosis

Question 3

Abnormal development of the central portion of the heart; also referred to as endocardial cushion defect

Answer 3

Atrioventricular Defect

Question 4

The sonographic appearance of a fetal unilateral pleural effusion

Answer 4

“Bat-wing” sign

Question 5

The herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

Answer 5

Bochdalek Hernia

Question 6

Tendons within the heart that attach the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle to their respective papillary muscle

Answer 6

Chordae Tendinae

Question 7

The narrowing of the aortic arch

Answer 7

Coarctation of the Aorta

Question 8

A mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lunch tissue that develops within the fetal chest

Answer 8

Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation

Question 9

The herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm

Answer 9

Diaphragmatic Hernia

Question 10

A genetic disorder characterized by an absent or hypoplastic thymus, which ultimately leads to impairment, of the immune system and susceptibly to infection, as well as cognitive disorders, congenital heart defects, plate defects, and hormonal abnormalities

Answer 10

DiGeorge Syndrome

Question 11

A fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

Answer 11

Ductus Ateriosus

Question 12

A fetal shunt that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Answer 12

Ductus Venosus

Question 13

The malformation or malpositioning of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects

Answer 13

Ebstein Anomaly

Question 14

A condition in which the heart is located either partially or completely outside the fetal chest

Answer 14

Ectopic Cordis

Question 15

Lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

Answer 15

Eventration of the Diaphragm

Question 16

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities

Answer 16

Fetal Hydrops

Question 17

An opening located in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

Answer 17

Foramen of Bochdalek

Question 18

An opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm

Answer 18

Foramen of Morgagni

Question 19

An opening within the fetal heart within the atrial septum that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

Answer 19

Foramen Ovale

Question 20

Incomplete development of the left ventricle, resulting in a small or absent left ventricle

Answer 20

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Question 21

Incomplete development of the left ventricle, resulting in a small or absent right ventricle

Answer 21

Hypoplastic Right Heart Syndrome

Question 22

A test of the amniotic fluid that predicts fetal lung maturity

Answer 22

Lecithin to Sphingomyelin Ratio

Question 23

A lower than normal amount of amniotic fluid for the gestational age

Answer 23

Oligohydroamnios

Question 24

Paired muscles in both sides of the heartbeat hold in place either the mitral or tricuspid valves

Answer 24

Papillary Muscle

Question 25

A group of anomalies that includes omphalocele, along with ectopic cords, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects

Answer 25

Pentalogy of Cantrell

Question 26

Fluid accumulation around the heart in the pericardial cavity

Answer 26

Pericardial Effusion

Question 27

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 27

Pleural Effusion

Question 28

Syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities

Answer 28

Potter Syndrome

Question 29

The absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs

Answer 29

Pulmonary Atresia

Question 30

Underdevelopment of the lungs

Answer 30

Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Question 31

A separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply

Answer 31

Pulmonary Sequestration

Question 32

The narrowing of the pulmonary valve

Answer 32

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 33

A fetal heart tumor found within the myocardium

Answer 33

Rhabdomyoma

Question 34

A group of abnormalities consisting of an overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 34

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 35

Abnormality in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta rises from the right ventricle

Answer 35

Transposition of the Great Vessels

Question 36

The leakage of blood back through the tricuspid valve

Answer 36

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Question 37

A systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

Answer 37

Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 38

An opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles

Answer 38

Ventricular Septal Defect