The English Revolution - Causes Flashcards
What century was the English Revolution?
The 17th centrury
What happened when Elizabeth died in 1603?
James VI of Scotland became James I of England and for the first time, England and Scotland shared the same monarch
What was something negative about James VI and James I?
He was an extravagant king who spent money unwisely.
How had James VI and James I created tension with parliament?
They refused to give him any more money or raise it through taxes.
What was one area that James VI and James I did succeed at?
Religion. He managed to keep the majority of Catholics and Protestants content throughout his reign.
When did Charles I become king?
1625
What did Charles I believe in?
The divine right of kings, and felt that the royal court should be removed from everyday life.
Who had become a favourite of Charles I?
Why did this alarm parliament?
The Duke of Buckingham.
This alarmed parliament because of the influence Buckingham had over the king.
When did Charles I dissolve parliament?
1629
How long did Charles I not call parliament again for?
11 years
What do some people refer Charles I dissolving parliament as?
The ‘Eleven Years’ Tyranny’.
Why had James been refused money from parliament?
He spent much of it on gifts for his favourites.
Why had Charles been refused money from parliament?
Parliament felt they couldn’t trust him.
Why were parliament’s concern about Charles’s sincerity of his religious tendencies worsened?
Because of his marriage to a Catholic.
What was a fear from parliament that Charles would use their money for?
That he would use it to become independent from parliament.
When did Charles introduce a new tax?
1637
What was the new tax introduced by Charles called?
‘Ship Money’
What did Charles’s new tax mean?
It was a tax normally paid by those in coastal towns to raise money to build the navy, but Charles made everyone pay the tax.
Why were parliament concerned about Ship Money?
They were worried it could make Charles financially independent and therefore able to make decisions without consulting parliament.
How did people respond to Ship Money?
They refused to pay it.
Name an example of someone refusing to pay Ship Money:
One member of parliament, John Hampden, refused and was taken to court. He was narrowly convicted.
What was a consequence of John Hampden’s court case?
It publicised the opposition towards Charles and his personal rule.
Name 3 reasons why there were still tensions over religion in the 17th century:
-England had gradually become more protestant after Henry VIII’s changes to the Church
-However there were still many Catholics who often worshipped in secret
-Some protestants regarded these Catholics as a threat
Give 2 examples of Catholic plots which made religion a contentious issue in the 17th century:
-There were Catholic plots against Queen Elizabeth
-The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a Catholic attempt to kill Charles’ father, James
Who had Charles married?
A Catholic princess from France, Henrietta Maria.
Who became Charles’ closest advisor when Buckingham was killed in 1628?
Charles’ Catholic wife, Henrietta Maria.
What did the people of England think about Charles’ newest closest advisor?
They were scared of her influence as she was a Catholic and what this could mean for their church.
Who went on to have the most influence over religion in England?
William Laud.
When was William Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury?
1633
What did William Laud feel the same as Charles about?
Bringing conformity back to the Church.
What religion was Laud?
Arminian - which meant he thought people should worship in a similar way to Catholics.