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History - Power and the People > The Anti-Slavery Movement > Flashcards

The Anti-Slavery Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

From when on had Britain made money from slavery?

A

from the 1500s onwards.

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2
Q

What century had Britain’s involvement in the slave trade stopped?

A

In the 19th century

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3
Q

What year had parliament made it illegal to own slaves throughout the empire?

A

1833

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4
Q

The British, along with other European nations, had set up plantations growing mainly what?

A

Cotton and sugar.

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5
Q

Where did the British and other European nations get their enslaved people from?

A

West coast of Africa.

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6
Q

Why were slaves taken from the west coast of Africa?

A

There, many tribal leaders were happy to sell people to the slave traders in return they were given goods.

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7
Q

What sort of goods did tribal leaders get in return for giving people to the slave traders?

A

Cloth, guns, glass and iron.

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8
Q

What were conditions on the ships like for an enslaved person?

A

Dreadful. They were crammed in on top of each other.

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9
Q

On average, how many enslaved people died on each ship crossing?

A

One third of the enslaved passengers.

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10
Q

How were slaves treated after arriving at their destination?

A

Like animals, during the auctions where people bid for them.

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11
Q

What was life on the plantations like for slaves?

A

Incredibly difficult, they were expected to work all their lives; if they didn’t work hard enough or tried to escape they would be severely punished. They had no legal rights.

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12
Q

What was the average life expectancy for a slave?

A

27

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13
Q

What was one of the main motivations for the new view that slavery was wrong?

A

The comparison to working conditions in the factory.

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14
Q

What had workers in factories been referred to as?

A

‘White slaves’

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15
Q

How had religion contributed to anti-slavery?

A

People led by their religious convictions thought slavery was not Christian.

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16
Q

One group that believed slavery wasn’t Christian was led by who?

A

William Wilberforce

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17
Q

Who created the Anti-Slavery Society?

A

William Wilberforce and like-minded others.

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18
Q

Name 4 ways that the Anti-slavery society raised awareness:

A

-They held public meetings to educate people
-They produced pamphlets
-They produced posters
-Members wore a badge to display their membership

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19
Q

What group of people supported the movement?

A

Working-class people

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20
Q

Give an example of workers supporting the movement:

A

Workers in Manchester signed a petition to parliament. By 1792, a quarter of the population of Manchester had signed the petition.

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21
Q

Name 4 important members involved in the anti-slavery movement:

A

-William Wilberforce
-Olaudah Equiano
-Thomas Clarkson
-Granville Sharp

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22
Q

Who was William Wilberforce an MP for?

A

Hull

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23
Q

What motivated William Wilberforce?

A

His Christian faith

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24
Q

Name 3 things William Wilberforce did to end slavery:

A

-He spoke in parliament
-He pushed several bills through to abolish slavery
-He held meetings to convince other prominent members of society to end slavery

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25
Q

What did William Wilberforce do in 1797?

A

He presented a petition to parliament - it had more signatures than the Chartist petition

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26
Q

What act and when did William Wilberforce secure it?

A

He secured the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act in 1807

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27
Q

What did William Wilberforce’s Abolition of the Slave Trade Act mean?

A

It made it illegal to buy and sell enslaved people in the British Empire (but people were allowed to keep the enslaved people they already owned).

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28
Q

Who was Olaudah Equiano?

A

He had been enslaved to a ship-master and had travelled the world, during which time he was educated and converted to Christianity.

29
Q

How did Olaudah Equiano become free?

A

He had bought his freedom.

30
Q

What did Olaudah Equiano write?

A

A book, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African.

31
Q

What did Thomas Clarkson do?

A

He collected information about slavery and the conditions on board slave ships.

32
Q

What did Thomas Clarkson consider slavery as?

A

Evil, and saw it as his job to do something about it.

33
Q

Give 2 ways Thomas Clarkson showed how horrible the conditions were for enslaved people:

A

-He produced drawings of the conditions of slave ships
-He also produced pamphlets

34
Q

What did Granville Sharp do in the late 1700s?

A

He supported cases of black enslaved people in Britain who wanted to be free.

35
Q

What motivated Granville Sharp to be involved in the anti-slavery movement?

A

His studies and interest in politics and law.

36
Q

What famous case did Sharp win?

A

The famous case of Jonathon Strong, who was recaptured by his former slave master and sent back to the Caribbean.

37
Q

What did Granville Sharp’s work show?

A

How unclear the law was in Britain about owning enslaved people.

38
Q

What did Granville Sharp bring to public attention?

A

The case of the slave ship Zong, where 133 enslaved people were reportedly thrown overboard.

39
Q

When was slavery finally abolished by the British parliament?

A

1807

40
Q

What happened in 1833?

A

Parliament banned slave ownership throughout the empire, and the government agreed to pay former slave owners £20 million for their ‘loss of property’.

41
Q

Give an example of a slave owner payed by the government after slavery was abolished:

A

The Bishop of Exeter received over £12,000 for the loss of 665 enslaved people.

42
Q

Why was the abolition movement not fully supported within the government?

A

Many of the MPs and lords had made their money from slavery, or a link to it. If slavery ended, plantation owners would have to pay their workers and this would mean they could lose money.

43
Q

What did anti slave-trade supporters create?

A

They created propaganda supporting the view that black people were inferior, and that Britain had a responsibility to keep enslaved black people locked up.

44
Q

What was slave-trade supporter’s propaganda called?

A

The ‘white man’s burden’.

45
Q

Name a women who was involved in the abolition movement and what she did:

A

Hannah More, who wrote poems for the movement.

46
Q

When did women meet Wilberforce and what did they form with him?

A

They met him in 1787 and formed a firm friendship, based around their faith and commitment to social reform.

47
Q

How many anti-slavery societies were there, run by women, by the time slavery was abolished in 1833?

A

There were 73 such organisations.

48
Q

What did women-run anti-slavery organisations across the whole of Britain show about women?

A

It demonstrated that women nationwide were concerned about the issue of slavery and were willing to take action.

49
Q

When did the British take control of Jamaica?

A

1655

50
Q

How did enslaved people resist in Jamaica when the British took control of it in 1655?

A

The Maroons escaped from the plantations where they were forced to work and went to live in the mountains.

51
Q

How did the British handle the escaped Maroons in Jamaica?

A

The British knew that if the word spread of this group, they would face slave rebellions everywhere. Thus, they negotiated with the Maroons, and managed to control rebellions for a time.

52
Q

How had the French Revolution influenced rebellion?

A

It was harder to suppress rebellions after the French Revolution spread new ideas of freedom and equality.

53
Q

What happened 2 years after the French Revolution?

A

The enslaved people of St Dominique, a French-controlled island, rebelled. They killed the white plantation owners and burnt the sugar crops.

54
Q

Who tried to stop the rebellion in St Dominique but failed?

A

The French and British.

55
Q

Who was the leader of the St Dominique rebellion?

A

Toussaint L’ouverture

56
Q

What had Toussaint L’ouverture managed to do?

A

He led fellow enslaved people to victory and slavery was abolished on the Island in 1804.

57
Q

What happened to the island of St Dominique after the slave rebellion?

A

It was declared independent and given the new name Haiti.

58
Q

What did the rebellions prove about enslaved people?

A

That they would use any means to gain freedom.

59
Q

What do some historians think about the economic factors of abolition?

A

Some historians argue that the abolition of slavery was less to do with a surge in social consciousness, and more to do with the decline in the economic benefits of slavery.

60
Q

Give an example of economic factors contributing to abolition:

A

Sugar could be imported more cheaply from Brazil and Cuba, so there was no need for the British to grow it themselves.

61
Q

The Abolition of Slavery Act 1833 only instantly freed enslaved people under what age?

A

It only instantly freed enslaved people under the age of 6.

62
Q

The Abolition of Slavery Act 1833 promised the others, over the age of 6, freedom after how many years?

A

4

63
Q

What had William Wilberforce been widely criticised for during the the Abolition of Slavery Act 1833 and why?

A

He argued that enslaved people had not been educated and needed to be trained to live outside the shackles of slavery. Many others disagreed and campaigned for the immediate release of all enslaved people.

64
Q

Why were many enslaved people sacked after 1833?

A

If they refused to live in their old quarters they would be sacked.

65
Q

What became a problem regarding enslaved people after 1833?

A

Smuggling of enslaved people became a problem: as it was done in secret, it made conditions even worse as there was no one to regulate it.

66
Q

Who carried out smuggling of enslaved people?

A

Former slave traders who did not want to give up the money they could make from slavery.

67
Q

What did freedom lead to for many enslaved people as they competed for what?

A

A decline in living standards as they tried to compete for work and wages.

68
Q

How as the abolition movement successful in the long term?

A

Britain increased the pressure on other nations to abolish slavery, so the abolition movement was undoubtedly a positive change for black people globally.

History - Power and the People (25 decks)

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