Factory and Social Reform Flashcards
When did the Industrial Revolution start around?
1750
What were the main products being made in factories in Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
Textiles such as woollen and cotton cloth.
Why were factories built during the Industrial Revolution?
The new machines that made production more efficient, cheaper and quicker were too big for people’s homes.
Children as young as what worked in some factories?
6
What was common in factories?
Accidents, in which young people might lose limbs, and in extreme cases, their lives.
Which places provides jobs for the whole family?
Coal mines.
What did men and women do in coal mines?
Men: They manually cut the coal away from the coal seam
Women: They worked as bearers carrying the coal to the surface
What did children do in coal mines?
They had jobs that matched their age.
Older boys: Would push the coal in carts from the coal seam to the bearers.
Children as young as 4: Would work as trappers; they would have to sit in the dark for up to 12 hours a day, opening the door for the carts and to provide ventilation.
What happened to many young children in coal mines?
Many lost their legs when carts ran over them.
How did the public react when they heard about the conditions people worked in?
They were horrified.
Where did reports start to come from?
Inspectors and from those who supported the reform of working conditions.
Name one supporter of the reform of working conditions:
An MP called Michael Sadler.
What 2 things did Sadler’s report show?
That factory children were being caught under machines and injured, and were being mistreated by factory owners.
What was the 10 hour movement?
Michael Sadler suggested those those under 18 years old should not be allowed to work more than 10 hours a day.
Other reports highlighted girls were carrying what in coal mines?
Baskets of coal weighing up to 150kg.
Other reports highlighted women were doing what in coal mines?
Dragging carts of coal on their hands and knees.
Name another keen reformer other than Sadler:
Lord Shaftesbury.
What did Lord Shaftesbury make his personal mission?
To improve the lives of children both at work and socially.
What led Lord Shaftesbury?
His Christian beliefs, and what he felt was the humane way to treat people, regardless of their social status.
What movement did Shaftesbury give support to?
The 10-hour movement.
Shaftesbury was an important supporter of what act?
The Mines Act of 1842.
What was Shaftesbury also a campaigner for?
More education for children who worked in factories.
What other important campaign was happening at the same time?
The abolition of slavery.
With the abolition of slavery happening at the same time, what did people start to refer to factory workers as?
‘White slaves’.
Why were many people against reform?
Because of laissez-faire politics.
What was laissez-faire politics?
This was the belief that politics should not be involved in people’s personal lives.
What had laissez-faire politics have to do in terms of factory reform?
It was believed that working conditions were a private arrangement between a person and his or her employer.
What had laissez-faire politics have to do in terms of social reform?
There was a belief that people were poor because of their own bad choices.