The Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Multiple organs, highly integrated, secrete hormones

Question 2

What are the endocrine diseases?

Answer 2

Underproduction, overproduction, mass lesions

Question 3

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

Located in the brain, links CNS to endocrine

Question 4

What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 4

Anti-diuretic hormone and Oxytocin

Question 5

Where is every other hormone secreted?

Answer 5

Anterior pituitary

Question 6

What does Oxytocin do?

Answer 6

Uterus contraction

Question 7

What does ADH do?

Answer 7

Absorption of water from urine

Question 8

What does Hyperpituitarism-related pituitary disease relate to?

Answer 8

Adenomas in anterior lobe, other causes cancer, hyperplasia

Question 9

What does Hypopituitarism-related pituitary disease relate to?

Answer 9

Injury, surgey, radiation, inflammation

Question 10

What are the two types of Pituitary Adenoma?

Answer 10

Functional - prolcactinoma

Non-functional

Question 11

What syndrome does ACTH relate to?

Answer 11

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 12

What syndrome does Growth Hormone relate to?

Answer 12

Giantism, Acromegaly

Question 13

What syndrome does Prolactin relate to?

Answer 13

Galactorrhea/Amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, infertility

Question 14

What syndrome does TSH relate to?

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism

Question 15

What syndrome does FSH/LH relate to?

Answer 15

Hypogonadism, mass effects/hypopituirarism

Question 16

What does Hypopituitarism occur with a loss of?

Answer 16

75% or more of the anterior pituitary parenchyma

Question 17

What are the causes of Hypopituitarism?

Answer 17

Ischemic necrosis of the pituitary: Sheehans syndrome
Non-functioning adenomas
Surgery/Irradiation
Inflammatory lesion

Question 18

What are the causes hyperthyroidism?

Answer 18

Graves disease, thyroxine, infective (De Quervain’s thyroiditis)
Toxic (multinodular goite, adenoma)

Question 19

What are the symptoms Hyperthyroidism?

Answer 19

Hot, bulging eyes, facial flushing, tachycardia, hypertension, breast enlargement, weight loss, muscle wasting, tremors, finger clubbing, diarrhoea, menstrual changes

Question 20

What does Graves disease involve?

Answer 20

Proptosis - eye bulging

Question 21

Why does Graves disease happen?

Answer 21

Unregulated over production of thyroid hormone

Question 22

How do you manage Hyperthyroidism?

Answer 22

Tests, treat the cause, Carbimazole/Propylthiouracil, radioiodine, thyroidectomy

Question 23

What is Goitre?

Answer 23

Swelling of thyroid gland

Question 24

What is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 24

Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
Women > men
45 - 60 years old

Question 25

What is the management of Hypothyroidism?

Answer 25

Thyroxine

Question 26

What is the most common type of Thyroid cancer and is it common?

Answer 26

Papillary carcinoma and uncommon

Question 27

What Papillary thyroid cancer functional or non-functional?

Answer 27

Non-functional

Question 28

What are the Parathyroid gland?

Answer 28

2 pairs of Parathyroid gland

Question 29

What are the causes of Hypoparathyrodism?

Answer 29

Removal of surgery, congenital, hereditary

Question 30

What are the symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 30

Irritability, tetany, seizures

Question 31

What are symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 31

Constipation, depression, seizures, muscle wasting, polyuria, bone fractures, kidney stones

Question 32

What is Primary Hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 32

Conn's Disease

Question 33

What is Secondary Hyperaldosteronsim?

Answer 33

High renin

Question 34

What are the symptoms of Conn's Disease?

Answer 34

Oedema, hypertension, high sodium, low potassium

Question 35

Why is Cotisol important?

Answer 35

Essential to life, regulates blood sugar, inhibits inflammation, stress response

Question 36

What are the two reasons for Cushing's Syndrome?

Answer 36

ACTH releasing tumour, steroids

Question 37

What are the three causes for Addisons disease?

Answer 37

Autoimmune, infection, neoplasms

Question 38

What are the symptoms of Addisons disease?

Answer 38

GI symptoms, weight loss, hyperpigmentation, low sodium, high potassium

Question 39

What are the symptoms of Phaeochromocytoma?

Answer 39

Hypertension, sweating, palpitations, nervousness, increased metabolic ration, rapid heart rate