Respiratory neoplastic

Question 1

What are the vast majority of lung tumours?

Answer 1

Carcinomas (arising from the lining of epithelium)

Question 2

What are risk factors associated with lung tumours?

Answer 2

Smoking, industrial hazards, family history, immunodeficiency

Question 3

What are the clinical signs of lung tumours?

Answer 3

Cough, weight loss, chest pain, dysponea

Question 4

If the clinical feature is pneumonia, abscess, lobar collapse what is the pathological basis?

Answer 4

Obstruction of airway

Question 5

If the clinical feature is pleural effusion what is the pathological basis?

Answer 5

Spread to pleura

Question 6

If the clinical feature is hoarseness what is the pathological basis?

Answer 6

Laryngeal nerve invasion

Question 7

If the clinical feature is dysphagia what is the pathological basis?

Answer 7

Oesophageal invasion

Question 8

What is the staging and treatment for lung tumours?

Answer 8

TNM staging, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy

Question 9

What does small cell carcinoma have a strong relationship to?

Answer 9

Smoking - 1% in non smokers

Question 10

Where does small cell carcinoma occur?

Answer 10

Bronchi and periphery, therefore mostly incurable by surgery

Question 11

What is the histopathology of small cell carcinoma?

Answer 11

Small, tightly packed, darkly stained ovoid (resemble oats)

Question 12

What are the cells appearance in small cell carcinoma?

Answer 12

Little cytoplasm, fine granular, absent nucleoli, pure or combined

Question 13

What gender does squamous cell carcinoma mostly affect?

Answer 13

Males

Question 14

Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from?

Answer 14

Hilum, usually in area of squamous metaplasia (due to cigarette smoke) central bronchi

Question 15

What is the histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 15

Resembles stratified squamous epithelium, keratin and inter-cellular bridges

Question 16

What sex is adenocarinoma associated with?

Answer 16

Females and non smokers (75% found in smokers)

Question 17

What rate do adenocarinomas grow at and what is the problem?

Answer 17

Grow slowly than SCC but metastasize early and widely

Question 18

What is adenocarcinoma sometimes associated with?

Answer 18

Scarring - healed TB

Question 19

What is the histopathology of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 19

Glandular elements - 80% contain mucin

Question 20

What is large cell carcinoma?

Answer 20

Undifferentiated, larger

Question 21

What is the most common site of metastatic neoplasms?

Answer 21

Lung, arriving my blood lymph or direct

Question 22

What are the common primary sites?

Answer 22

Bowel, prostate, breast, kidney

Question 23

What is the primary malignant pleural tumour?

Answer 23

Malignant mesothelioma

Question 24

What is the increased risk of getting malignant mesothelioma?

Answer 24

Exposure to asbestos

Question 25

What are the signs and symptoms of malignant mesothelioma?

Answer 25

Chest pain, dyspnoea, pleural effusions, 50% die in 12 months