Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > The Ear Lab > Flashcards

The Ear Lab Flashcards

0
Q

Ear functions

A
  • sense hearing
  • determine position in space
  • aka balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

3 areas of the ear

A
  • outer
  • middle
  • inner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anatomical features: outer ear 3 features

A
  • pinna
  • auditory canal
  • tympanic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pinna (auricle)

A
  • subdivided: helix(upper), lobule (lower)

* composed of stratified squamous epithelium, overlying elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Auditory canal

A

•penetrates into the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

A
  • border between external and middle ear
  • membrane is sensitive to sound
  • vibrates as sound is funneled down the meatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Middle ear consists of main cavity known as

A

Tympanic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Auditory ossicles (middle ear)

A
  • three small bones of ossicles
  • magnify sound 20x
  • ossicles conduct vibration to the oval windows
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 auditory ossicles

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Malleus

A

•(hammer)
•handle connected to the tympanic membrane
•as membrane vibrates the malleus rocks back and forth
•amplifying sound waves
*to the incus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Incus

A
  • (anvil)
  • attached to malleus
  • which is attached to stapes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stapes

A
  • (stirrup)
  • foot plate, fits into oval window
  • held in place by annular ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eustachian tube (auditory tube, pharyngotympanic tube)

A
  • opening that provides air passage from the middle ear
  • opens into pharynx and equalizes air pressure
  • between the outside and middle ear cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inner ear: tunnels and chambers inside the temporal bone are called

A

•bony labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oval window (inner ear)

A
  • in cochlea
  • allows vibrations from ossicles to move fluid back and forth
  • communicates with the vestibule of the inner ear
  • in turn communicates with the cochlear chamber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cochlea (inner ear)

A
  • hearing
  • contains round and oval window
  • many chambers in clusters of 3s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vestibule (inner ear)

A
  • consists of the utricle and saccule
  • two chambers involved in interpretation of static equilibrium and acceleration
  • both have regions know as maculae- cilia grouped together, with overlying gelatinous mass and calcium carbonate stones
  • cilia bend indicating head change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carbonate stones

A

Aka otoliths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Maculae

A
  • cilia grouped together
  • over lying gelatinous mass and calcium carbonate stones
  • cilia bend indicating head change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Semicircular canals (inner ear)

A
  • determine dynamic equilibrium
  • each at 90 degrees to one another
  • each filled with endolymph and is expanded at the base into an ampulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 structures of the cochlear structure

A
  • oval window
  • scala vestibule
  • scala tympani
  • scala media
  • round window
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Oval window (cochlear structure)

A
  • hole in cochlea
  • where the foot plate of the stapes fits
  • held by annular ligament
  • membranous structure to which the stapes attaches
  • transmits vibrations to inner ear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Scala vestibule

A
  • extends from the oval window to the helicotrema
  • to apex of the cochlea
  • filled with perilymph
23
Q

Helicotrema

A

•a hole at the end of the helix or spiral

24
Q

Scala tympani (cochlear structure)

A
  • extends from the helicotrema
  • back to the apex parallel to the scala vestibule
  • into membrane of round window
  • filled with perilymph
25
Q

Scala media (cochlear structure)

A
  • space between the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane
  • is the interior of the membranous labyrinth
  • filled with endolymph
26
Q

Round window (cochlear structure)

A

•membranous structure separating the scala tympani of the inner ear from the middle ear

27
Q

Pathway of sound transmission

A
  • outer ear
  • middle ear
  • inner ear
  • cochlear nerve
28
Q

Outer ear- as pathway

A
  • sound vibrates in air
  • enter auditory canal
  • start vibration in tympanic membrane
29
Q

Middle ear- sound pathway

A

•auditory bones transmit sound vibrations to oval window

30
Q

Inner ear- sound pathway

A
  • vibration of fluids begins in the canals

* stimulates the organ of corti in cochlear duct

31
Q

Organ of corti

A
  • spiral organ

* high or low pitch indicator

32
Q

Cochlear nerve- pathway of sound

A
  • stimulation of receptors of spiral organ starts transmission of sound info through cochlear nerve
  • info carried to temporal lobe of the cerebrum for interpretation
33
Q

Spiral organ (organ of corti) structures

A

-cells inside the cochlear duct, highly modified
•basilar membrane
•hair cells
•tectorial membrane

34
Q

Basilar membrane (organ of corti)

A

•wall of membranous labyrinth bordering the scala tympani

35
Q

Hair cells (organ of corti)

A
  • hair projections
  • at apical ends
  • arranged in 4 long rows
  • extend length of cochlear duct
  • each row contains 3500-4000
  • inner row: for hearing
  • outer 3 rows: regulate tension of basilar membrane
  • separated by gap in basilar membrane
36
Q

Tectorial membrane (organ of corti)

A
  • gelatinous shelf
  • attached to spiral lamina
  • tips of the longest sterocila, gate of k+ channel
37
Q

Structures that detect equilibrium

A
  • vestibule

* semicircular canals

38
Q

Vestibule

A
  • located btwn cochlea and the semicircular canals
  • two sections: utricle and saccule
  • filled with endolymph fluid
  • has sensory organ called macula
39
Q

Macula structure

A
  • gelatin matrix
  • hair cells
  • otoliths
  • vestibule function
40
Q

Gelatin matrix (macula)

A
  • overlying gelatinous mass

* contain calcium carbonate stones (otoliths)

41
Q

Hair cells (macula)

A
  • contain numerous microvilli called stereocilia

* and one cilium called kinocilium

42
Q

Otoliths (macula)

A
  • give weight to gelatin matrix

* composed if calcium carbonate and protein

43
Q

Vestibule function (macula)

A
  • vestibule function to maintain static equilibrium
  • sense of relation if the head to the pull of gravity
  • position of head in static nonmoving state
44
Q

Methods of sound transmission 1

A
  • vibrations of the perilymph in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani cause wave of movement in endolymph of the cochlear duct
  • results in change of shape of the basilar membrane
45
Q

Methods of transmission 2

A
  • basilar movement causes movement of hair cells embedded in tectorial membrane
  • starting depolarization and AP at threshold
46
Q

Methods of transmission 3

A
  • certain hair cells activate at one time
  • activation related to pitch of the sound
  • sensed as continuum along entire spiral organ
  • higher pitch: near oval window end
  • low pitch: detected at other end, helicotrema
47
Q

Sound travels in waves and has two things

A
  • frequency

* amplitude

48
Q

Pitch

A

•quality of frequency and sound vibration

49
Q

High pitch

A
  • high rate of frequency
  • near oval window
  • starts at 20,000 hertz
50
Q

Low pitch

A
  • low frequency vibration
  • sensed near the apex or helicotrema of spiral organ
  • lowest having vibrations of 200 hertz
51
Q

Intensity is measured in units of

A
  • decibels

* the quality of amplitude of is the volume or intensity of sound

52
Q

Semicircular canals

A
  • above vestibule
  • 3 canals at right angles of each other
  • endolymph fluid fills each canal
  • base of canal is ampulla
  • containing a crista ampullaris sensory receptor
53
Q

Crista ampullaris structure

A
  • hair cells: sticks out of here. Contained in capula

* capula: jelly on top of hair cells

54
Q

Functions of canals

A
  • act to sense dynamic or kinetic equilibrium
  • movement of head causes Fluid to move within the canals
  • bends capula
  • hair cells stimulated
  • start AP in vestibular nerve
  • brain interprets

A&P (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions