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A&P > Lab Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

Lab Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges of the brain are:

A

Layers if tissue that cover and protect brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Another name for tissue layers

A

Meninx

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3
Q

3 tissue layers of the brain:

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
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4
Q

Dura mater

A
  • outside layer of brain and spinal cord
  • dense fibrous connective tissue
  • protective covering
  • anchors brain in skull
  • forms dural sinus
  • extends to separate major areas of the brain
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5
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • middle layer
  • fine spider web fibers
  • spaces for blood vessels
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6
Q

Pia mater

A
  • inner layer
  • soft delicate tissue
  • adheres to surface of the brain
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7
Q

Two tissue spaces of the brain:

A
  • subdural space

* subarachnoid space

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8
Q

Subdural space:

A

•below dura mater

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9
Q

Subarachnoid space:

A
  • under the arachnoid mater

* allows room for cerebrospinal fluid to circulate

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10
Q

What are the three meninges of the spinal cord?

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
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11
Q

The 3 tissue spaces of the spinal cord:

A
  • epidural space
  • subdural space
  • subarachnoid space
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12
Q

Epidural space of the spinal cord:

A
  • between the spinal cord and bones of the vertebrae

* site of interjection of anesthesia

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13
Q

Subdural space of the spinal cord:

A

Beneath the dura mater

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14
Q

Subarachnoid space of the spinal cord:

A

•under arachnoid membrane
•cerebrospinal fluid circulates here
•site of lumbar or spinal tap
(Below L-1 level)- obtains CSF for analysis

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15
Q

6 areas of the brain

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon
  • cerebrum
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16
Q

3 regions of the brain stem:

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
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17
Q

The brainstem is the:

A

•lowest section of the brain

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18
Q

Medulla oblongata

A
  • lowest section of brain

* attaches to the spinal cord

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19
Q

Pons

A
  • above the medulla

* anterior to the cerebellum

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20
Q

Midbrain

A
  • upper most section of the brain
  • composed of 4 enlarged areas called corpora quadrigemina
  • vermis divide into left and right hemisphere
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21
Q

Corpora Quadrigemina

A
  • made of four sections
  • 2 superior colliculi (lg)
  • 2 inferior colliculi (smaller)
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22
Q

Cerebellum is located:

A
  • posterior to the brainstem

* separated from the cerebrum by the transverse fissure

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23
Q

Sections of the cerebellum:

A
  • 2 lateral sections called the right and left hemisphere

* separated by the vermis

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24
Q

Cerebellum surface structure:

A
  • grooves on surface are called sulci

* raised areas referred to as convolutions

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25
Q

Diencephalon location

A
  • can only be seen on the exterior of the brain from inferior surface
  • only part visible, hypothalamus
  • attachment of pituitary gland here
26
Q

Cerebrum location:

A

Uppermost region of the brain

•largest section of the brain

27
Q

Cerebrum lobes:

A
  • divided into two hemispheres

* each hemisphere is subdivided into 5 lobes

28
Q

5 lobe subdivisions:

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal love
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • insula
29
Q

Frontal lobe:

A

Anterior section

30
Q

Parietal lobe:

A

Too middle surface

31
Q

Temporal lobe

A

On lateral surface

•below parietal lobe

32
Q

Occipital lobe

A

On posterior surface

33
Q

3 surface markings

A
  • longitudinal cerebral fissure
  • central sulcus
  • lateral cerebral fissure
34
Q

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

A

•deep groove between the left and right hemispheres

35
Q

Central sulcus

A

Shallower groove

•between parietal and frontal lobes

36
Q

Lateral cerebral fissure

A
  • deep groove

* between parietal and temporal lobes

37
Q

Brainstem internal:

A
  • Sagittarius sectional view
  • medulla- attach to spinal cord
  • pons- enlarged between medulla and midbrain
  • midbrain- superior and inferior colliculi ( corpora quadraigemina)
38
Q

Internal anatomy cerebellum:

A
  • white matter does arbor vitae

* space between the cerebellum and the brainstem is the 4th ventricle

39
Q

Internal anatomy of the diencephalon: 3 parts:

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • pineal gland
40
Q

Thalamus:

A
  • largest part of the diencephalon

* contains intermediate mass in its center

41
Q

Hypothalamus:

A
  • below thalamus
  • posterior to optic nerve
  • pituitary gland attached here
42
Q

Pineal gland:

A
  • (body)
  • posterior to the thalamus
  • above colliculi of the midbrain
43
Q

Cerebrum internal anatomy- sagittal sectional view: 3 components

A
  • gray matter
  • white matter
  • corpus callosum
44
Q

Cerebrum gray matter:

A
  • outer layer
  • called cortex
  • thin
  • contains cell nerve bodies
45
Q

Cerebrum white matter:

A
  • inside gray matter
  • tracts and bundles of nerve cells
  • with myelinated axons
46
Q

Corpus callosum of cerebrum:

A
  • large nerve tracts

* connecting the right and left hemisphere

47
Q

Ventricles are:

A
  • spaces within the brain

* where cerebral spinal fluid is made and circulates

48
Q

4 ventricle structures of the brain:

A
  • lateral ventricles 2
  • 3rd ventricle
  • 4th ventricle
49
Q

Lateral ventricles of the brain:

A
  • largest areas located below corpus callosum

* separated by a membrane called the septum pellucidum

50
Q

Septum pellucidum:

A
  • separates lateral ventricles

* a membrane

51
Q

Third ventricle:

A

•located between the right and left sections of the thalamus and hypothalamus

52
Q

Fourth ventricle

A
  • space between the cerebrum and brainstem
  • CSF flows here
  • into subarachnoid spaces of the meninges
  • or through the central canal of the spinal cord
53
Q

3 connecting channels and openings are:

A
  • interventricular foramen
  • cerebral aqueduct
  • choroid plexus
54
Q

Interventricular foramen:

A

•between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle

55
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Pathway for CSF flow from third to fourth ventricle

56
Q

Choroid plexuses

A
  • located in each of the ventricles

* where CSF is produced

57
Q

2 blood circulation pathways in the brain:

A
  • main arterial pathways

* circle of Willis

58
Q

Main arterial pathways: 2

A
  • internal carotid arteries

* vertebral arteries

59
Q

Internal carotid arteries

A

•branch from the common carotid arteries in the neck
•carry blood to the anterior cerebrum and connect with the:
-anterior cerebral arteries
-middle cerebral arteries
-posterior communicating arteries

60
Q

Vertebral arteries

A

•branch off subclavian arteries
•carry blood to:
-basilar artery
-posterior cerebral arteries (arteries to the cerebellum and pons)

61
Q

Circle of Willis

A
  • network of arteries
  • form circular pathway around the base of the brain
  • maintains constant blood flow into cerebrum
62
Q

Blood vessels in the circle of Willis

A
  • anterior cerebral arteries
  • anterior communicating arteries
  • posterior cerebral arteries
  • posterior communicating arteries

A&P (13 decks)

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