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A&P > Lab Spinal Nerves And Spinal Reflexes > Flashcards

Lab Spinal Nerves And Spinal Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Where do spinal nerves originate?

A
  • from the spinal cord
  • pass through an intervertebral foramen, as they exit the vertebrae
  • exception: Between skull and C1 and sacrum group (sacral foramina)
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2
Q

31 pairs if spinal nerves, form 5 groups:

A
  • cervical nerves 1-8
  • thoracic nerves 1-12
  • lumbar nerves 1-5
  • sacral nerves 1-5
  • coccygeal nerves 1 pair
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3
Q

Divisions of spinal nerves as they branch towards the periphery of the body:

A
  • roots
  • rami
  • plexuses
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4
Q

Roots

A
  • attached directly to the spinal chord

* join to form spinal nerves

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5
Q

Two roots:

A
  • dorsal root: carries sensory (afferent) info to dorsal horn of the spinal cord
  • ventral root: carries motor (efferent) responses to the effector organ
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6
Q

Rami (branching)

A

•after leaving the spinal cord spinal nerve forms 2 sometimes 3 branches called rami

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7
Q

2 ramus

A
  • dorsal ramus

* ventral ramus

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8
Q

Dorsal ramus

A
  • sensory and motor nerve fibers

* motor: innervate most if the deep muscles of the dorsal trunk, responsible for movement of the vertebral column

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9
Q

Ventral ramus: distributed two ways-

A
  1. Thoracic region- form intercostal nerves, extend along inferior margin of each rib
    - innervate the intercostals muscles and skin over the thorax
  2. Plexus: remaining from the 5 major plexuses
  3. Communicating rami: form thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord regions, carry axons associated with the synaptic division if ANS
    - connect to synaptic chain ganglia
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10
Q

Plexus

A

Intricate networks of spinal nerves in a braid like structure

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11
Q

5 plexuses of the spinal nerves

A 
•cervical 
•brachial
•lumbar
•sacral
•coccygeal 
*then branch off plexuses to reach all parts of trunks and limbs
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12
Q

3 types of nerve calls that carry information between the spinal cord and peripheral nerves:

A

Somatic motor neurons
Autonomic motor neurons
Sensory neurons

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13
Q

Somatic motor neurons

A

Control contraction of skeletal muscles in the neck, trunk and limbs

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14
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Detect skin sensations and muscle position or stretch (proprioception)

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15
Q

Autonomic motor neurons

A

These motor neurons form pathways leading to internal organs of the head, chest and abdomen

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16
Q

Name the two upper plexuses of the spinal cord

A

Cervical plexus

Brachial plexus

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17
Q

Name the three lower plexuses of the spinal cord

A

Lumbar plexus
Sacral plexus
Coccygeal plexus

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18
Q

Cervical plexus

A
  • composed of ventral rami of cervical nerves C1-4
  • controls actions of head neck shoulders
  • receives sensory info from the skin in these areas
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19
Q

Brachial plexus

A
  • arises from the ventral rami of cervical nerves 5-8 (C5-T1)
  • controls arm, forearm and hand
  • receives sensory info from skin in these areas
  • most complex plexus
  • 3 trunks, 2 divisions, 3 cords
20
Q

Lumbar plexus

A
  • from ventral rami of lumbar nerves 1-4 (L1-4)
  • ventral rami form anterior and posterior divisions
  • then branch to form peripheral nerves
21
Q

Sacral plexus

A
  • is lumbar 5 and sacral 1-3 spinal nerves
  • ventral rami of these nerves form anterior and posterior divisions
  • lead to peripheral nerves
22
Q

Coccygeal plexus

A

•composed of ventral rami from sacral nerves 4 and 5, and the coccygeal nerves

23
Q

What four plexuses arise from or originate from the ventral rami?

A

Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Lumbar plexus
Coccygeal plexus

24
Q

3 divisions of the autonomic nervous system ANS

A

•sympathetic
•parasympathetic
•enteric
( all control actions of the internal organs)

25
Q

Arrangement of cells

A

•nerve cells originate in brain or spinal cord
•pass to internal organs via cranial or spinal nerves
•pathway to organs is a two cell circuit
-w/ a junction between cells forming a ganglion

26
Q

Parasympathetic pathways

A
  • originate in cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) of the brain

* or in sacral region S2-4 (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

27
Q

Parasympathetic pathways: cell bodies of preganglionic neurons located in the brain stem and sacral regions of the spinal cord (craniosacral):

A

Usually involve activating vegetative functions
Ex digestion
Dedication
Urination

28
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Cranial nerve
•extends from brain into chest and abdomen to control internal organ functions
•joins with sympathetic nerves to form plexuses around stomach and heart

29
Q

Pelvic nerves

A

Originated from spinal nerves S2-4
•pass through ventral rami
•then form nerves leading to pelvic organs

30
Q

Sympathetic pathway (fight or flight)

A

Originate from spinal nerves T1-L2
•motor nerves pass through spinal nerves to form special nerves
•or end in ganglion, in one of two chains of ganglia that parallel spinal cord

31
Q

Cell bodies of sympathetic pthwy preganglionic neurons located in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions (thoracolumbar):

A

Usually involve with preparing body for physical activity

32
Q

Main nerves of sympathetic pathways

A

Sympathetic

Splanchnic

33
Q

Spinal reflexes

A
  • involuntary automatic predictable response to stimuli
  • purpose: self preservation
  • somatic: removal from painful stimuli
  • autonomic: blood pressure
34
Q

Reflex pathways (arcs)

A
  • a functional unit composed of a series of nerve cells

* follow a specific pathway to and from the spinal cord

35
Q

General pathway

A
  • info travels into and out of spinal cord in one direction only
  • impulse pathway may either pass upwards towards the brain or downward to activate other muscle groups
36
Q

Reflex pathway components

A 
1 sensory receptor 
2 sensory neuron
3 interneuron
4 motor neuron
5 effector organ
37
Q

Somatic motor and sensory nerve pathways: cervical 1-4

A

Plexus: cervical
Peripheral nerves: phrenic
- muscles and skin of the head neck and shoulder
- diaphragm

38
Q

Somatic motor and sensory nerve pathways: cervical 5-8

Thoracic 1

A

Plexus: brachial
Peripheral nerves:axillary, musculocutaneous, median, radial, ulnar
•muscles and skin of the shoulder arm,forearm, arm forearm and hand

39
Q

Somatic motor and sensory nerve pathways: thoracic 2-12

A
  • no plexus
  • peripheral nerves: intercostals
  • muscles between the ribs; skin of the chest and abdomen
40
Q

Somatic motor and sensory nerve pathways: lumbar 1-4

A

•Plexus: lumbar
•peripheral nerves: lliohypogastric-
muscles and skin of the abdomen and buttocks
llioinguinal- skin and muscles of external genitals and abdomen wall genitofemoral- external genitals
femoral- skin and muscles if the anterior hip and thigh
obturator-muscles and skin of the median thigh
•

41
Q

Somatic motor and sensory nerve pathways: lumbar 5, sacral 1-3

A

•plexus: sacral
•peripheral nerves: **sciatic- tibial: posterior thigh and leg, muscles and skin
median and lateral planter: posterior and planter foot, skin and muscles
Common peroneal fibular: superficial and deep peroneal: anterior leg and foot, skin and muscles
**pudendal: perineum and external genitals skin and muscles

42
Q

Somatic motor and sensory nerve pathways: sacral 4-5, coccygeal

A

Plexus: coccygeal
•nerves: coccygeal
•perineum and coccyx skin and muscles

43
Q

Patellar reflex test

A

Femoral nerve

44
Q

Triceps brachii reflex test

A

Radial nerve

45
Q

Autonomic motor nerves: Sympathetic division

A
  • communicating rami
  • superior and inferior cervical ganglia
  • chain ganglia
  • organ plexuses (esophagus, heart, stomach)
46
Q

Autonomic motor neurons, parasympathetic division

A

Vagus nerve

Organ plexuses

A&P (13 decks)

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