Lab Endocrine Organs And Glands Flashcards
Function of endocrine glands
- secrete hormones: chemical message that travel through blood stream to act of organs
- regulate cell chemistry
- acts on nervous system to maintain homeostasis
Endocrine organs
- make of soft tissue
- 8 major glands
- as well as smaller glands that work locally
8 major glands and locations
- pituitary, pineal: head/brain
- thyroid/parathyroid: neck
- thymus: chest/heart
- adrenals/pancreas: upper abdomen
- ovaries/testis: lower abdomen pelvis
Glands of the head
- pituitary (hypophysis)
* pineal
Pituitary hypophysis
- made of anterior and posterior
- attached to the hypothalamus
- by the infundibulum
- each piece functions independently and secretes separate hormones
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
- smaller of two
- made of nervous tissue
- made in the hypothalamus, stored in the pituitary
- nerve stimulus
- Oxytocin: breast contractions, release of milk, uterine contractions
- Antidiuretic: reabsorption and retention of water in kidneys
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
- 3 parts: pars tuberalis, pars intermedia, pars distalis
- production and release controlled by hypothalamus
- reach anterior p through blood network called the portal system
- hypophyseal portal vein: carries through infundibulum to anterior pituitary
- here hypothalamus acts like endocrine gland
The hormones of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
- Growth hormone: cell And tissue growth
- prolactin: mammary glands prod milk
- FSH: production of sex cells
- LH: cases production of sex hormones and Graafian follicles maturation during ovulation
- thyroid stimulating hormone: stimulates thyroid hormones and gland
- adrenocorticorotropic hormone: hormone production in adrenal cortex
Pineal gland
- diencephalon of brain
- Melatonin: inhibitory hormone
- circadian rhythms
- hormone of darkness
Glands of neck and chest
- thyroid
- parathyroid
- thymus
Thyroid
- anterior to larynx
- Thyroxin: basal metabolic rates
- Calcitonin: deposition of calcium in bones
Parathyroid
- 4 or 5 glands embedded in thyroid
- parathyroid hormone: increase calcium in blood
- release calcium from bone
Thymus
- around heart
- Thymosin: maturation of T cells
- mediated immunity against antigens
Glands of the abdomen
- pancreas
- adrenal
- ovaries and testis
Pancreas
- beneath stomach, above lg intestine
- Insulin: lowers blood glucose levels\ converts glucose to glycogen
- Glucagon: raises blood glucose levels\ made in islets of Langerhans
Adrenal
- upper surface of the kidney
* medulla and cortex
The medulla of the adrenal gland
- center of gland
- controlled by the sympathetic division of the ANS
- Epinephrine: inc cardiac output/ inc blood glucose levels
- Norepinephrine: inc cardiac output/ inc blood glucose levels
The cortex of the adrenal gland
- outer structure
- controlled by hormones if anterior pituitary
- 3 hormones released here called corticosteroid hormones
- important for water and electrolyte balance
- carb, fat, protein, stress management here
Hormones of the cortex of the adrenal glands
•Mineralocorticoids: outer cortex
•Aldosterone: facilitates potassium exchange for sodium in the renal tube
•Glucocorticoids: middle cortex
-cortisol: inhibits inflammation
•Sex hormones: inner cortex/ zona reticularis
-androgens: secondary sex traits
Ovaries
- abdominal cavity
* Estrogen: secondary sex characteristics, controls menstrual cycle
Testis
- scrotum
* secondary sex characteristics / expansion of larynx
