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A&P > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three layers of the uterine tube:

A

Serosa aka perimetrium- outer
Muscular layer- middle
Mucosa- inner layer

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2
Q

Name three sections that make up the uterus:

A

1: fundus- top
2: body
3: cervix

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3
Q

What are ovaries covered with?

A

Ovarian epithelium aka visceral peritoneum- consist of simple cuboidal epithelium

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4
Q

Finger like structures that cradle ovaries and catch secondary oocytes:

A

Fimbria

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5
Q

The mouth of the uterine tube closest to ovary:

A

Infundibulum

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6
Q

Ampulla

A

The wider part of the uterine tube, where secondary oocyte gets fertilized.

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7
Q

What three parts make up the uterine wall?

A

1: endometrium- secratory part
2: myometrium- smooth muscle
3: perimetrium- outer part

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8
Q

Fimbria:

A

Is lined with ciliated epifilia, used to suck oocytes in

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9
Q

Cervical canal

A

Canal located above opening of cervix

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10
Q

Tunica albuginea

A 
Dense fibrous (white) tissue located under the visceral peritoneum 
•surrounds ovary
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11
Q

Cortex:

A

Is outer area of ovary

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12
Q

Medulla:

A

Inner part of ovary

The blood supply

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13
Q

Oogonia

A

Cells from which oocytes develop

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14
Q

Primary oocyte

A
  • Produced after oogonia completes mitotic division
  • then begins first meiotic division and stops at prophase I
  • does not complete meiosis until puberty
  • has zona pellucida and granulosa cells
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15
Q

Secondary oocyte

A
  • Is created when first meiotic division is complete, just before ovulation
  • start to show vesicles and contain theca interna, theca externa
  • secondary oocyte and polar body are created due to unequal Division of cytoplasm
  • begins second meiotic division and stops at metaphase II
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16
Q

Polar bodies are:

A

Created after first and second meiotic divisions due to unequal division if cytoplasm

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17
Q

Ovulation is:

A

The release of a secondary oocyte from ovary

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18
Q

Fertilization

A

When sperm and egg bind together

  • sperm binds to plasma membrane - penetrates zona pellucida
  • creates a perivitelline space
  • nuclei of sperm and secondary oocyte combine
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19
Q

Prophase I

A

When primary oocytes begin first meiotic division and stop- until puberty

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20
Q

Metaphase II

A

Secondary oocyte begins second meiotic division and stops

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21
Q

What contains a primary oocyte and is surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells?

A

Primordial follicles

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22
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Fat cells, surrounding oocyte

- primordial cells containing one layer of granulosa cells

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23
Q

Primary follicles

A

Primordial follicles turn into primary follicles when granulosa cells become enlarged and cuboidal

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24
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Clear material surrounding primary and secondary oocytes

  • is a second cell membrane
  • formed when second later if granulosa cells develop
  • when egg is fertilized the zona pellucida turns into a perivitelline space, preventing over sperm to enter
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25
Q

Perivitelline space

A

Turns zona pellucida into perivitelline space when sperm enters oocyte cytoplasm. Preventing other sperm to enter

26
Q

Secondary follicle

A
  • fluid filled vesicles form around granulosa cells

* theca interna and externa develop around granulosa cells

27
Q

Mature follicle (graafian follicle)

A
  • cumulus mass of granulosa cells forms around primary oocyte
  • Antrum- a single chamber of combine fluid filled vesicles
28
Q

Theca interna

A
  • surround granulosa cells

* participate in synthesis of ovarian hormones

29
Q

Theca externa

A

Connective tissue that merges with the stroma of the ovary

30
Q

Atresia

A

Degenerate follicles that don’t reach maturity or ovulation

31
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • is left over follicle, after ovulation
  • granulosa cells turn into luteal cells
  • divide and enlarge
  • produce progesterone after ovulation
32
Q

Corpus albicans

A

Is a degenerative corpus luteum

33
Q

Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes)

A
  • ovary to uterus

* located at the superior margin of broad ligament

34
Q

Uterine serosa

A
  • Outer layer of uterine tube

* formed by peritoneum

35
Q

Muscular layer

A
  • Middle layer of uterine tube

* consists longitudinal and circular smooth muscle cells

36
Q

Mucosa

A
  • inner layer of uterine tube

* consists if mucous membrane of ciliated columnar epithelium

37
Q

Uterus is defined by three parts:

A

1: fundus
2: body
3: cervix

38
Q

Perimetrium

A
  • Serosa layer

* peritoneum that covers the uterus

39
Q

Myometrium

A
  • mid layer
  • muscle layer
  • smooth muscle
  • makes if majority if uterine wall
40
Q

Laminate propria

A

The layer of connective tissue in the endometrium layer

41
Q

Basal layer

A
  • deepest part of the lamina propria

* continuous with the myometrium

42
Q

Function layer

A

Second layer of the endometrium
•Consists of most of the lamina propria &
•endothelium: a thick superficial layer

43
Q

Spiral arteries

A
  • in lamina propria

* supply blood to functional layer

44
Q

Mammary glands

A
  • sweat glands

* organs if milk production

45
Q

Lobes

A
  • make up mammary, consisting of 15-20 of these

* one lobe contains multiple glands

46
Q

Lactiferous duct

A
  • each lobe containing own duct

* each opens independently

47
Q

Lactiferous sinus

A
  • just under surface of nipple

* lactiferous ducts enlarge to form sinus, where milk accumulates

48
Q

Lobules

A

Subdivisions of lobes

•into smaller ducts

49
Q

Alveoli

A

Secratory sacs created by expanding ducts

•surrounded by myoepithelial cells

50
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Mesh like network surrounding alveoli that contract to expel milk
•have contractual properties

51
Q

Areolar glands

A

Rudimentary mammary glands

•secretions from glands prevent chafing

52
Q

What kind if tissue makes up a breast?

A

Adipose tissue

53
Q

What makes up the cervical canal and what is it useful for?

A
  • columnar epithelial line the cervical canal producing mucous
  • acts as a barrier to keep things from passing through the vagina
54
Q

Menses

A

Mild hemorrhage causing the shedding of the epithelium/functional layer
•in response to low progesterone levels
•sloughs off due to lack of blood

55
Q

Menstruation

A

Clinical changes in sexually mature non-pregnant females, that cumulate in menses

56
Q

What is the time between menses and ovulation called?

A

The proliferative (follicular) phase

57
Q

What is the time after ovulation and before menses called?

A

Secretory (luteal) phase

Bc. Of existence of corpus luteum

58
Q

What is an ovarian cycle?

A

The process that occurs in ovaries of mature non-pregnant women during the menstural cycle

59
Q

FSH

A
  • Stimulates the anterior pituitary gland
  • initiates the development of follicles
  • increases estrogen during the uterine proliferative follicular phase
60
Q

LH

A
  • estrogen causes LH secretions to react
  • aids in maturity of follicles and ovulation
  • as well as corpus luteum development
61
Q

What keeps the corpus luteum from degenerating if oocyte is fertilized? Resulting in the maintained levels of estrogen and progesterone, leading to NO menses?

A

Human chronic gandotropin (hCG)

62
Q

hCG

A

Is secreted by the trophoblast which is transported in the blood to the ovary, causing corpus luteum to remain functioning
•happens after implantation of trophoblast

A&P (13 decks)

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