Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Name the three layers of the uterine tube:
Serosa aka perimetrium- outer
Muscular layer- middle
Mucosa- inner layer
Name three sections that make up the uterus:
1: fundus- top
2: body
3: cervix
What are ovaries covered with?
Ovarian epithelium aka visceral peritoneum- consist of simple cuboidal epithelium
Finger like structures that cradle ovaries and catch secondary oocytes:
Fimbria
The mouth of the uterine tube closest to ovary:
Infundibulum
Ampulla
The wider part of the uterine tube, where secondary oocyte gets fertilized.
What three parts make up the uterine wall?
1: endometrium- secratory part
2: myometrium- smooth muscle
3: perimetrium- outer part
Fimbria:
Is lined with ciliated epifilia, used to suck oocytes in
Cervical canal
Canal located above opening of cervix
Tunica albuginea
Dense fibrous (white) tissue located under the visceral peritoneum •surrounds ovary
Cortex:
Is outer area of ovary
Medulla:
Inner part of ovary
The blood supply
Oogonia
Cells from which oocytes develop
Primary oocyte
- Produced after oogonia completes mitotic division
- then begins first meiotic division and stops at prophase I
- does not complete meiosis until puberty
- has zona pellucida and granulosa cells
Secondary oocyte
- Is created when first meiotic division is complete, just before ovulation
- start to show vesicles and contain theca interna, theca externa
- secondary oocyte and polar body are created due to unequal Division of cytoplasm
- begins second meiotic division and stops at metaphase II
Polar bodies are:
Created after first and second meiotic divisions due to unequal division if cytoplasm
Ovulation is:
The release of a secondary oocyte from ovary
Fertilization
When sperm and egg bind together
- sperm binds to plasma membrane - penetrates zona pellucida
- creates a perivitelline space
- nuclei of sperm and secondary oocyte combine
Prophase I
When primary oocytes begin first meiotic division and stop- until puberty
Metaphase II
Secondary oocyte begins second meiotic division and stops
What contains a primary oocyte and is surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells?
Primordial follicles
Granulosa cells
Fat cells, surrounding oocyte
- primordial cells containing one layer of granulosa cells
Primary follicles
Primordial follicles turn into primary follicles when granulosa cells become enlarged and cuboidal
Zona pellucida
Clear material surrounding primary and secondary oocytes
- is a second cell membrane
- formed when second later if granulosa cells develop
- when egg is fertilized the zona pellucida turns into a perivitelline space, preventing over sperm to enter
Perivitelline space
Turns zona pellucida into perivitelline space when sperm enters oocyte cytoplasm. Preventing other sperm to enter
Secondary follicle
- fluid filled vesicles form around granulosa cells
* theca interna and externa develop around granulosa cells
Mature follicle (graafian follicle)
- cumulus mass of granulosa cells forms around primary oocyte
- Antrum- a single chamber of combine fluid filled vesicles
Theca interna
- surround granulosa cells
* participate in synthesis of ovarian hormones
Theca externa
Connective tissue that merges with the stroma of the ovary
Atresia
Degenerate follicles that don’t reach maturity or ovulation
Corpus luteum
- is left over follicle, after ovulation
- granulosa cells turn into luteal cells
- divide and enlarge
- produce progesterone after ovulation
Corpus albicans
Is a degenerative corpus luteum
Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes)
- ovary to uterus
* located at the superior margin of broad ligament
Uterine serosa
- Outer layer of uterine tube
* formed by peritoneum
Muscular layer
- Middle layer of uterine tube
* consists longitudinal and circular smooth muscle cells
Mucosa
- inner layer of uterine tube
* consists if mucous membrane of ciliated columnar epithelium
Uterus is defined by three parts:
1: fundus
2: body
3: cervix
Perimetrium
- Serosa layer
* peritoneum that covers the uterus
Myometrium
- mid layer
- muscle layer
- smooth muscle
- makes if majority if uterine wall
Laminate propria
The layer of connective tissue in the endometrium layer
Basal layer
- deepest part of the lamina propria
* continuous with the myometrium
Function layer
Second layer of the endometrium
•Consists of most of the lamina propria &
•endothelium: a thick superficial layer
Spiral arteries
- in lamina propria
* supply blood to functional layer
Mammary glands
- sweat glands
* organs if milk production
Lobes
- make up mammary, consisting of 15-20 of these
* one lobe contains multiple glands
Lactiferous duct
- each lobe containing own duct
* each opens independently
Lactiferous sinus
- just under surface of nipple
* lactiferous ducts enlarge to form sinus, where milk accumulates
Lobules
Subdivisions of lobes
•into smaller ducts
Alveoli
Secratory sacs created by expanding ducts
•surrounded by myoepithelial cells
Myoepithelial cells
Mesh like network surrounding alveoli that contract to expel milk
•have contractual properties
Areolar glands
Rudimentary mammary glands
•secretions from glands prevent chafing
What kind if tissue makes up a breast?
Adipose tissue
What makes up the cervical canal and what is it useful for?
- columnar epithelial line the cervical canal producing mucous
- acts as a barrier to keep things from passing through the vagina
Menses
Mild hemorrhage causing the shedding of the epithelium/functional layer
•in response to low progesterone levels
•sloughs off due to lack of blood
Menstruation
Clinical changes in sexually mature non-pregnant females, that cumulate in menses
What is the time between menses and ovulation called?
The proliferative (follicular) phase
What is the time after ovulation and before menses called?
Secretory (luteal) phase
Bc. Of existence of corpus luteum
What is an ovarian cycle?
The process that occurs in ovaries of mature non-pregnant women during the menstural cycle
FSH
- Stimulates the anterior pituitary gland
- initiates the development of follicles
- increases estrogen during the uterine proliferative follicular phase
LH
- estrogen causes LH secretions to react
- aids in maturity of follicles and ovulation
- as well as corpus luteum development
What keeps the corpus luteum from degenerating if oocyte is fertilized? Resulting in the maintained levels of estrogen and progesterone, leading to NO menses?
Human chronic gandotropin (hCG)
hCG
Is secreted by the trophoblast which is transported in the blood to the ovary, causing corpus luteum to remain functioning
•happens after implantation of trophoblast
