Male Reproductive System Flashcards
Dartos muscle
Smooth muscle
Surrounds testes
•works with cremaster muscle to regulate temperature in testes
Cremaster muscle
Located in the inguinal canal
Extension of abdomen
Wraps around ductus deferens
•Regulates temperature working with the dartos muscle
Testes
- Function in both exocrine and endocrine system
- covered by tunica albiginea
- contains seminiferous tubules inside if lobules
Tunica albiginea
White fibrous connective tissue surrounding the testes
Septa
An extension of the tunica albiginea
•extends into testes creating compartments called lobules
Lobules
Compartments made up by the septa
•containing seminiferous tubules
•where sperm develops
Seminiferous tubules
Where sperm develops
Inside of lobules
Interstitial cells
Aka leydig cells
•loose connective tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules
•secretes testosterone
Tubuli recti
Seminiferous tubules empty into these
Rete testis
Tubuli recti empty into these
Efferent ductules
Rete ductus empties into these
Spermatogenesis
Formation and development of sperm
Meiosis
- goes through two different meiosis
- first primary spermatocyte
- then secondary spermatocyte
- making spermatids
Spermatids
Contain 22 Autosomes
•made by meiosis of secondary spermatocytes
• contain one pair of each homologous chromosomes
Spermatogonia
Cells that give rise to sperm cells
•divide by mitosis
•adjacent to basement membrane of seminiferous tubules
Sustentacular cells (nurse cells)
- nourish developing sperm cells
- nourish with hormone secreted by interstitial cells
- create blood testis barrier to protect sperm cells
Blood-testis barrier
- created from tight junction between sustentacular cells
- protects sperm cells from immune system
- barrier between sperm and germ cells
Head of sperm contains
- acrosome- contain enzymes to help penetrate female oocyte
- contains the nucleus
- contains chromosomes
Spermatic cord consists of these 5 things:
1-ductus deferens 2-testicular artery & Venus plexus 3-lymphatic vessels 4-nerves 5-fibrous remnants of process vaginalis
Epididymis
Where sperm cells develop and fully mature •made of: Head- convoluted efferent ductules Body-duct of epididymis Tail- duct of epididymis
Ductus deferens
Begins in the tail of the epididymis
•made of:
Spermatic cord: blood vessels, nerves
Inguinal canal: surrounds cremaster muscle
Cremaster muscle: protecting ductus deferens and regulating testes
•ampulla: end opening of ductus deferens, where mature sperm goes
Name the 3 male reproductive glands:
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
(2) Seminal vesicles
Located next to ampulla of ductus deferens •fructose •citric acid •fibrinogen •prostaglandins
(1) prostate gland
Had glandular and muscle tissue •located below two ejaculatory ducts •smooth tissue •basic pH buffer •clotting factors •fibrinolysin: breaks down clots
(2) bulbourethral gland
Compound mucous gland
•basic pH buffer
•lubrication
What does semen consist of?
Sperm cells as well as secretions from reproductive glands
•seminal vesicles 60%
•prostate 30%
•bulbourethral 10%
Corpus spongiosum
- surrounds urethra
- forms internal tissue of the glans penis
- on ventral side
Corpora cavernosum
- on dorsal side
* made of two large sections
GnRH
Gandotropin releasing hormone •released from hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary •two gandotropins are: Luteinizing hormone Follicle stimulating hormone
LH
Luteinizing hormone
•binds to and stimulates interstitial cells
•causing an increase of testosterone secretion
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
•binds to sustentacular cells
•promoting cell development
Testosterone is know as an
Androgen
•stimulates development of make reproductive structures and secondary male characteristics
Gubernaculum
- extension of the abdomen
- drops down to anchor tested
- fibromuscular cord
Scrotal ligament
•left over from dropping of gubernaculum
