Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Special Senses And The Eye > Flashcards

Special Senses And The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory receptor

A
  • specialized ending on a neuron

* reacts to a specific stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stimulus

A

•a change in the internal or external environment of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stimulus activation

A
  • stimulus is picked up by a sensory receptor

* action potential is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stimulus strength

A
  • intensity of stimulus

* concentration and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stimulus awareness

A

•the body senses stimulus and acts accordingly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stimulus adaptation

A
  • over time a decreased stimulus

* ex: glasses on head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cutaneous receptors are found

A
  • in the skin

* others mostly found in inner organs or skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cutaneous sensations include

A

•detected are:

-touch, pressure,vibration, heat, cold, pain, tickle, itch, proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pain and temperature receptors are located in

A

•free nerve endings

Branched endings with no specialized structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 5 tactile receptors

A
  • Merkel’s disc
  • hair follicle receptor
  • Meissner’s corpuscles
  • Ruffinis end organ
  • Pacinian corpuscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Merkel’s disk

A

•detects light touch and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hair follicle receptor

A

•senses light touch to the hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

•detects pressure and low frequency vibrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ruffini’s end organ

A

•senses continuous pressure and touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

•detects deep pressure and high frequency vibrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Taste receptors are also called

A

•Gustatory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Location of taste receptors

A

•taste buds found in tongue and back if the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gustatory receptor structure

A
  • taste buds are a groups of taste and support cells

* contain pore and sensory hair receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gustatory receptor activation

A
  • chemical reaction in which food and saliva mix and enter the pores
  • activating the hair receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gustatory sensations

A
  • bitter
  • sour
  • salty
  • sweet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gustatory sensation: bitter

A

•back of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gustatory sensation: sour

A

•middle and sides of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gustatory sensations: salty

A

•sides close to the tip of the tongue

24
Q

Gustatory sensation: sweet

A

•tip of the tongue

25
Olfactory receptors are located
* in upper nasal cavity * reach from olfactory bulb to mucous membrane of the nose * through openings of the CRIBIFORM PLATE of the ETHMOID BONE
26
Olfactory sensations
* smell comes from chemical reaction of gases with the sensory receptors * different concentrations are sensed as stronger or weaker
27
Olfactory adaption
* adapt with time | * detection becomes reduced with continuous exposure
28
External support structures of the eye:
* orbit of skull * lacrimal apparatus * conjunctiva * muscles
29
Orbit of skull
•protective structure composed of 7 bones
30
Lacrimal apparatus
* lacrimal gland and drainage structure * aid in lubrication and protection * by watery lacrimal fluid
31
Conjunctiva
•Lining of eye lid that helps lubricate eye surface
32
Muscles of the eye: muscles that open
•palpebrae
33
Muscles of the eye: muscles that close
•oblicularis oculi
34
Two main groups involved with eye movement:
•rectus 4 •obliques 2 - allow movement of eye in all directions
35
Eye ball structure: 3 layers
* sclera, cornea- fibrous layer * vascular tunic * retina
36
Sclera
* fibrous layer * outermost layer * made of dense irregular connective tissue * is the white of the eye * covered by a membrane that continues under eye lids * continuous with the transparent cornea of anterior eye
37
Cornea
* center of eye | * made of dense connective tissue
38
Vascular tunic layer
* choroid layer * ciliary body * iris and pupil
39
Choroid layer:
* inside sclera * pigmented * vascular layer * blood vessels found here
40
Ciliary body
* produces aqueous humor in anterior compartment * have ciliary muscles which contract and aid in movement of lens * holds lens by suspension ligament
41
Iris and pupil
* iris: colored part of the eye | * pupil: located in the center of the eye, surrounded by colored iris
42
Retina
* neural layer, closest to the vitreous humor * rods * cones * fovea centralis * optic disc
43
Rods
* makes up photoreceptive layer * determines shape of objects * seeing in dim light
44
Cones
* makes up photoreceptive layer in retina | * involved in color vision in visual acuity (fine detail)
45
Fovea centralis
* located in the center of the macular lutea * where concentration of cones is the greatest * cones not covered by neural layers here * area of greatest visual acuity
46
Optic disc
* region where retinal nerve fibers exit from the back if the eye * and from the optic nerve * aka blind spot * contains no photo receptor cells * does not respond to light
47
Anterior eye cavity
* portion in front of lens | * filled with watery aqueous humor
48
Posterior eye cavity
•portion between lens and retina •filled with viscous vitreous humor - gives most of support structure and shape to the eye
49
Lens location
* posterior to iris | * in front section of eye
50
Lens structure
•made if crystalline protein
51
Lens function
* becomes more round for focusing on closer images * more pliable in youth * less elastic as person ages * accounting for need of reading glasses
52
Pathway of light through the eye
* enters in cornea * passes through pupil * lens and vitreous humor * to focus on the retina
53
Activation of the retina
* chemical reaction with Vitamin A starts action potential * picked up by optic nerve * carried into the brain
54
Brain pathway for optics
* light stimulus passes through optic nerve * through optic chiasm * goes to thalamus, geniculate nuclei * info passes to the occipital lobes and visual cortex * where it Is interpreted as color shape size etc
55
Eye function tests
* blind spot detection * near point accommodation * visual acuity * astigmatism * color blindness

A&P (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions