The Ear

Question 1

Diff between lobule and auricle regarding make up.

Answer 1

Lobule is devoid of cartilage and just fat tissue.

Auricle is elastic cartilagenous

Question 2

The auditory canal is the passageway between which 2 things?

Answer 2

the auricle and the tympanic membrane.

Question 3

What kind of glands do the hair follicles have at the external acoustic meatus and internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 3

Sebaceous and ceruminous glands (Wax)

Question 4

What does wax serve to protect??

Answer 4

protects from dust and foreign objects

Question 5

What are the outer and inner surfaces of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 5

Outer - epidermis/skin

inner - mucous membrane

Question 6

What angle does the tympanic membrane lie and why?

Answer 6

55 degrees; to catch better sound

Question 7

Manubrium of the malleus is attached to the (lateral/medial) surface of the tympanic membrane.

Answer 7

medial

Question 8

Other word for middle ear

Answer 8

tympanic cavity

Question 9

What is the middle ear made of?

Answer 9

epithelium

Question 10

The middle ear is in communication with what?

Answer 10

the mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum of the mastoid process via the aditus.

Question 11

Malleus articulates with?

Answer 11

Tympanic membrane and incus

Question 12

Incus articulates with?

Answer 12

Stapes and malleus

Question 13

Stapes articulates with?

Answer 13

Incus and sits on oval window

Question 14

What type of joint is the incodomallear joint?

Answer 14

Synovial saddle joint

Question 15

the incus’ long crus projects (medially/laterally) to join with the stapes.

Answer 15

medially

Question 16

The incodostapedial joint is what kind of joint?

Answer 16

Synovial ball and socket joint.

Question 17

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

Answer 17

stapes

Question 18

Other word for oval window

Answer 18

fenestra vestibuli

Question 19

The stapediovestibular junction is…

Answer 19

fibrous

Question 20

If there is abnormal ossification of the stapediovestibular junction, what will happen?

Answer 20

deafness

Question 21

Where does the tensor tympani muscle attach?

Answer 21

to the manubrium of the malleus

Question 22

What is the tensor tympani muscle innervated by?

Answer 22

mandibular branch of CV

Question 23

What is the stapedius muscle innervated by?

Answer 23

CVII

Question 24

With very loud noise, what happens?

Answer 24

the muscles dampen the vibrations. (stapedius and tensor tympani muscle)

Question 25

The outer bony labyrinth of the ear contains what?

Answer 25

Perilymph

Question 26

The inner membranous labyrinth of the ear contains what?

Answer 26

Endolymph (high concentrations of K+)

Question 27

The cochlea lies (ant/post) to vestibule

Answer 27

anterior

Question 28

Where does the scala vestibuli start?

Answer 28

Fenestra vestibuli (oval)

Question 29

Where does the scala tympani start?

Answer 29

Close to the fenestra cochlea (round)

Question 30

What do both scala contain?

Answer 30

Perilymph

Question 31

Where does the cochlear duct start?

Answer 31

In inner ear labyrinth in the saccule and parallels the 2 scalae ending blindly in the helicotrema

Question 32

The cochlear duct is separated from the scala tympani by the ___________________ and from the scala vestibuli by the ____________________.

Answer 32

basilar membrane, vestibular membrane

Question 33

What does the cochlear duct contain?

Answer 33

Endolymph

Question 34

Where does the organ of corti attach to/rest on?

Answer 34

the basilar membrane

Question 35

What is the organ of hearing?

Answer 35

the organ of corti

Question 36

How many hair cells (hearng receptors) does the organ of corti have?

Answer 36

24,000

Question 37

What happens under pressure from vibrations?

Answer 37

The hair and the organ of corti push on the tectorial membrane for stimulation to hear.

Question 38

The chochlear nerve is a branch off of which nerve?

Answer 38

the vestibulocochlear nerve (CVIII)

Question 39

Explain how someone hears.

Answer 39

Sound vibrations in tympanic membrane. Malleus and incus vibrate as one rigid body. Stapes is stimulated. Signal/vibration is sent to the fenestra vestibuli. Fenestra cochlea vibrates too as it does not have bone in it.

Question 40

Vestibule is (medial/lateral) to the tympanic cavity.

Answer 40

Medial

Question 41

Which is bigger: utricle or saccule?

Answer 41

utricle

Question 42

Is the utricle sensory or motor?

Answer 42

purely sensory

Question 43

What does the utricle and saccule do?

Answer 43

static balance and reduce sensitivity

Question 44

What is the utricle innervated by?

Answer 44

vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 45

Which plane is each semicircular canal in?

Answer 45

Anterior and posterior are vertical (so frontal and sagittal) Lateral: Horizontal

Question 46

What do all the semicircular canals contain?

Answer 46

endolymph

Question 47

What are the ducts for?

Answer 47

dynamic equilibrium

Question 48

Which two organs are for dynamic balance?

Answer 48

Eye and ear (semicircular ducts)

Question 49

Of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the vestibular branch is for ___________ and the cochlear branch is for ___________.

Answer 49

Vestibular brain is for balance (equilibrium. Cochlear is for hearing.

Question 50

Within the saccule and utricle, there are sense organs. What are they called?

Answer 50

Macula

Question 51

What is the macula(e) for?

Answer 51

static equilibrium

Question 52

What is the otolithic membrane?

Answer 52

The otolithic membrane is a fibrous structure located in the vestibular system of the inner ear. It plays a critical role in the brain's interpretation of equilibrium. The membrane serves to determine if the body or the head is tilted, in addition to the linear acceleration of the body.

Question 53

VERTIGO

Answer 53

An illusion of movement from a height

Question 54

NYSTAGMUS

Answer 54

With head or body rotation, eyes tend to lag behind. When rotation stops, a wash effect in the canals. The eyes move side to side to compensate the equilibrium.

Question 55

MOTION SICKNESS

Answer 55

From vibration in any direction of the canals. Also from visual cues. Can accommodate with meds.

Question 56

INFLAMED OR PERFORATED EARDRUM

Answer 56

Inflamed treated by antibiotics. Perforated can heal inner with or without laser.

Question 57

HEARING AID

Answer 57

When middle ear is defective. Sound waves amplified and passed through temporal bone.

Question 58

IMPACTED CERUMEN

Answer 58

Blockage of auditory by ear wax (cerumen). Removed by syringe or maybe even Q-tips.