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ANATOMY II > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Diff between lobule and auricle regarding make up.

A

Lobule is devoid of cartilage and just fat tissue.

Auricle is elastic cartilagenous

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2
Q

The auditory canal is the passageway between which 2 things?

A

the auricle and the tympanic membrane.

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3
Q

What kind of glands do the hair follicles have at the external acoustic meatus and internal acoustic meatus?

A

Sebaceous and ceruminous glands (Wax)

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4
Q

What does wax serve to protect??

A

protects from dust and foreign objects

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5
Q

What are the outer and inner surfaces of the tympanic membrane?

A

Outer - epidermis/skin

inner - mucous membrane

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6
Q

What angle does the tympanic membrane lie and why?

A

55 degrees; to catch better sound

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7
Q

Manubrium of the malleus is attached to the (lateral/medial) surface of the tympanic membrane.

A

medial

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8
Q

Other word for middle ear

A

tympanic cavity

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9
Q

What is the middle ear made of?

A

epithelium

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10
Q

The middle ear is in communication with what?

A

the mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum of the mastoid process via the aditus.

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11
Q

Malleus articulates with?

A

Tympanic membrane and incus

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12
Q

Incus articulates with?

A

Stapes and malleus

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13
Q

Stapes articulates with?

A

Incus and sits on oval window

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14
Q

What type of joint is the incodomallear joint?

A

Synovial saddle joint

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15
Q

the incus’ long crus projects (medially/laterally) to join with the stapes.

A

medially

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16
Q

The incodostapedial joint is what kind of joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint.

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17
Q

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

A

stapes

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18
Q

Other word for oval window

A

fenestra vestibuli

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19
Q

The stapediovestibular junction is…

A

fibrous

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20
Q

If there is abnormal ossification of the stapediovestibular junction, what will happen?

A

deafness

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21
Q

Where does the tensor tympani muscle attach?

A

to the manubrium of the malleus

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22
Q

What is the tensor tympani muscle innervated by?

A

mandibular branch of CV

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23
Q

What is the stapedius muscle innervated by?

A

CVII

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24
Q

With very loud noise, what happens?

A

the muscles dampen the vibrations. (stapedius and tensor tympani muscle)

25
Q

The outer bony labyrinth of the ear contains what?

A

Perilymph

26
Q

The inner membranous labyrinth of the ear contains what?

A

Endolymph (high concentrations of K+)

27
Q

The cochlea lies (ant/post) to vestibule

A

anterior

28
Q

Where does the scala vestibuli start?

A

Fenestra vestibuli (oval)

29
Q

Where does the scala tympani start?

A

Close to the fenestra cochlea (round)

30
Q

What do both scala contain?

A

Perilymph

31
Q

Where does the cochlear duct start?

A

In inner ear labyrinth in the saccule and parallels the 2 scalae ending blindly in the helicotrema

32
Q

The cochlear duct is separated from the scala tympani by the ___________________ and from the scala vestibuli by the ____________________.

A

basilar membrane,

vestibular membrane

33
Q

What does the cochlear duct contain?

A

Endolymph

34
Q

Where does the organ of corti attach to/rest on?

A

the basilar membrane

35
Q

What is the organ of hearing?

A

the organ of corti

36
Q

How many hair cells (hearng receptors) does the organ of corti have?

A

24,000

37
Q

What happens under pressure from vibrations?

A

The hair and the organ of corti push on the tectorial membrane for stimulation to hear.

38
Q

The chochlear nerve is a branch off of which nerve?

A

the vestibulocochlear nerve (CVIII)

39
Q

Explain how someone hears.

A

Sound vibrations in tympanic membrane. Malleus and incus vibrate as one rigid body. Stapes is stimulated. Signal/vibration is sent to the fenestra vestibuli. Fenestra cochlea vibrates too as it does not have bone in it.

40
Q

Vestibule is (medial/lateral) to the tympanic cavity.

A

Medial

41
Q

Which is bigger: utricle or saccule?

A

utricle

42
Q

Is the utricle sensory or motor?

A

purely sensory

43
Q

What does the utricle and saccule do?

A

static balance and reduce sensitivity

44
Q

What is the utricle innervated by?

A

vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve

45
Q

Which plane is each semicircular canal in?

A

Anterior and posterior are vertical (so frontal and sagittal)

Lateral: Horizontal

46
Q

What do all the semicircular canals contain?

A

endolymph

47
Q

What are the ducts for?

A

dynamic equilibrium

48
Q

Which two organs are for dynamic balance?

A

Eye and ear (semicircular ducts)

49
Q

Of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the vestibular branch is for ___________ and the cochlear branch is for ___________.

A

Vestibular brain is for balance (equilibrium. Cochlear is for hearing.

50
Q

Within the saccule and utricle, there are sense organs. What are they called?

A

Macula

51
Q

What is the macula(e) for?

A

static equilibrium

52
Q

What is the otolithic membrane?

A

The otolithic membrane is a fibrous structure located in the vestibular system of the inner ear. It plays a critical role in the brain’s interpretation of equilibrium. The membrane serves to determine if the body or the head is tilted, in addition to the linear acceleration of the body.

53
Q

VERTIGO

A

An illusion of movement from a height

54
Q

NYSTAGMUS

A

With head or body rotation, eyes tend to lag behind. When rotation stops, a wash effect in the canals. The eyes move side to side to compensate the equilibrium.

55
Q

MOTION SICKNESS

A

From vibration in any direction of the canals. Also from visual cues. Can accommodate with meds.

56
Q

INFLAMED OR PERFORATED EARDRUM

A

Inflamed treated by antibiotics.

Perforated can heal inner with or without laser.

57
Q

HEARING AID

A

When middle ear is defective. Sound waves amplified and passed through temporal bone.

58
Q

IMPACTED CERUMEN

A

Blockage of auditory by ear wax (cerumen). Removed by syringe or maybe even Q-tips.

ANATOMY II (18 decks)

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