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ANATOMY II > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nervous system’s 3 main functions?

A

1) Stimulates movements vital to life.
2) Helps with the endocrine system, in maintaining homeostasis.
3) Allows the organisms to express unique human traits (emotions, etc).

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2
Q

Sensory functioning carries information (to/away) the brain and spinal cord via sensory (afferent/efferent) neurons.

A

to, afferent

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3
Q

Motor functioning carries information (to/away) the brain and spinal cord via motor (afferent/efferent) neurons.

A

away, efferent

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4
Q

What is the integrative function of the nervous system for? Which neurons are used?

A

Analyze and make decisions regarding appropriate responses.

Interneurons; connect/synapse with other neurons.

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5
Q

How does the brain and spinal cord control the center for the entire nervous system?

A

1 - By processing and integrating sensory information and coordinating responses to stimuli.

2 - By providing short term control over activities of other systems.

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6
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

The nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS in the neural tissue that links the CNS with its sense organs and other systems.

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7
Q

The efferent (motor) portion of the PNS is subdivided into which 2 systems?

A
  • Somatic Nervous System

- Autonomic Nervous System

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8
Q

What does the SNS control?

A

skeletal muscle contractions, voluntary and involuntary.

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9
Q

What is a significant difference between sensory and motor neurons of the SNS?

A

Sensory conveys info from cutaneous and special sense receptors primarily in the head, body wall and extremities.

Motor neurons from the CNS conduct impulses to skeletal muscles only.

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10
Q

What kind of control does the ANS have?

A

Control of VISCERAL functions

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11
Q

What specifically does the ANS regulate (what do the motor nerves conduct impulses to)?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

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12
Q

Motor nerves of the ANS have 2 branches…

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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13
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Mobilizes energy in the body for emergency and quick action.

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14
Q

Which nervous system is fight or flight?

A

Sympathetic

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15
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system’s main function?

A

Conservation and restoration processes.

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16
Q

The interaction between PNS and SNS produces…..

A

Homeostasis.

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17
Q

Give action examples of the sympathetic system.

A

Heart beats faster, peripheral blood vessels dilate, increase of blood to extremities, inhibits digestive system

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18
Q

Give examples of the parasympathetic system.

A

Slow heart beat, decreases BP, functioning of digestive system.

19
Q

What are the 2 main types of cells?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

20
Q

What does the neuron do?

A

Structural and functional component of nervous system: conducting impuses to and from between CNS and PNS.

21
Q

What is the general function of the neuroglia?

A

protect and support the nervous system

22
Q

Are neuron bodies located in both the CNS and PNS?

A

Yes

23
Q

What is a nuclei?

A

clusters of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites

24
Q

A group of nuclei in the CNS in called what?

A

Center or nuclei

25
Q

A group of nuclei in the CNS in called what?

A

ganglia

26
Q

What compromises the grey matter?

A

Both centers/nuclei and ganglia

27
Q

How man axons per neuron?

A

1

28
Q

Difference between dendrite and axon?

A

Dendrite: receive and conduct impulses TO cell body.
Axon: AWAY from cell body.

29
Q

What is the white matter of the neuron?

A

The myelin sheath

30
Q

Where does a nerve exit the body of the neuron?

A

Axon hillock

31
Q

What is the axon covered by… (not myelin)

A

Endoneurium

32
Q

What is fasciculi?

A

Comprised of bundles of axons (nerve fibers)

33
Q

What are fasciculi covered by?

A

Perineurium

34
Q

What is the nerve surrounded by?

A

Epineurium

35
Q

Which type of glial cell forms the basic structure of CNS(!!!)?

A

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

36
Q

What do the ependymal cells do?

A

Form linings of ventricles and central canal of spinal cord, some specialized to form the choroid plexus which produces CSF

37
Q

Whats the other word for microglia?

A

Phagocytes

38
Q

What do microglia/phagocytes do?

A

Get rid of dead skin, dead cells and debris. Clean nervous system!

39
Q

What do the schwann cells do?

A

Make up the outer layer of the myelin sheath (neurilemma) in the PNS(!!!).

40
Q

Excitability definition.

A

The ability of a nerve to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an impulse.

41
Q

Conductibility definition.

A

The ability to transmit an impulse to another neuron or to tissue.

42
Q

Explain synaptic cleft.

A

The junction of two neurons or one neuron with another structure (Ex. muscle) takes place at a space called synaptic cleft.

43
Q

Explain synapse.

A

The function of transference of the neural impulse at the interneuron junction.

ANATOMY II (18 decks)

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