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ANATOMY II > The Brain, CNS > Flashcards

The Brain, CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Another word for brain

A

Encephalon

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2
Q

weight of brain

A

approx. 3 lbs.

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3
Q

Where does the brain receive info from about the body’s inner workings and outside world?

A

CNS (spinal cord) and PNS

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4
Q

What is the purpose of having gyri and sulci?

A

Increase surface area of the brain.

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5
Q

The dural extension that separates the 2 lobes of the cerebellum is called?

A

Falx cerebelli

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6
Q

Where does the tentorium cerebelli lie?

A

in the transverse fissure

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7
Q

In the embryo a neural tube is formed from which 3 cavities or sections will develop. Which are they?

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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8
Q

Each hemisphere controls activities of the (opposite/same) side of the body.

A

opposite

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9
Q

Which part of the cerebrum consists of grey matter?

A

Outer surface (Cerebral cortex)

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10
Q

Development and use of language is located in the _______ hemisphere.

A

Left

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11
Q

Areas that govern three dimensional visualization and artistic creations are located in the ________ hemisphere.

A

Right

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12
Q

Which hemisphere: numeric/scientific skills?

A

Left

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13
Q

Which hemisphere: reasoning?

A

Left

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14
Q

Which hemisphere: music?

A

Right

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15
Q

Which hemisphere: pattern perception?

A

Right

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16
Q

Which hemisphere: language?

A

Left

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17
Q

Which hemisphere: recognizing faces?

A

Right

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18
Q

What is the roof of the lateral ventricles?

A

Corpus callosum

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19
Q

Each hemisphere is separated by?

A

septum pellucidum

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20
Q

WHat is the internal capsule?

A

White matter separating caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus from thalamus

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21
Q

What is considered the corpus striatum?

A

Caudate and lentiform nuclei and internal capsule together.

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22
Q

What is the basal ganglia’s functions (3)?

A

1) Relay station for motor impulses. 2) Control large unconscious (autonomic) movements of skeletal muscle. 3) Control initiation, termination and intensity of muscle contraction.

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23
Q

What happens if you have a disorder of your basal ganglia?

A

Bring about involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle. Muscle rigidity hence muscle spasms, parkinsons, tourettes.

disruption of muscle ovement integration.

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24
Q

Is the thalamus white or grey matter?

A

grey

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25
Q

the third ventricle is connected to the lateral ventricles by the…?

A

Interventricular foramen (foramen of munroe)

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26
Q

What is the thalamus’ main purpose?

A

Principle relay station for sensory (afferent) impulses travelling to the cerebral cortex.

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27
Q

What other functions does the thalamus do?

A 
Involuntary motor (efferent) impulses. 
Pain center of the brain
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28
Q

Thalamus: Involved with early conscious recognition of sensations related to survival. Which are?

A

Pain, temperature, light touch and deep pressure.

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29
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Controls homeostatic functions of the body including heat retention, emotions, water balance, digestive processes, etc.

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30
Q

The hypothalamus correlates which 2 systems?

A

Nervous and endocrine systems (and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland).

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31
Q

6 main functions of hypothalamus

A
  1. Controls ANS
  2. Produces hormones.
  3. Regulation of emotional and behavioural patterns.
  4. Regulation of eating and drinking.
  5. Control of blood/body temperature.
  6. Regulation of awakening and sleep patterns.
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32
Q

The mamillary bodies are associated with…

A

smell

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33
Q

What is the tuber cineureum for?

A

Transporting hormones from the pituitary gland via the pituitary stalk (connection between pituitary gland and hypothalamus).

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34
Q

what is above the pituitary gland?

A

optic chiasma

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35
Q

What is the pineal body associated with?

A

hormone production

36
Q

What is found between the cerebral peduncle and cerebral aqueduct?

A

Red nuclei

37
Q

Red nuclei is associated with?

A

Coordination

38
Q

Rhombencephalon is divided into two parts. Which are they and what do they represent?

A

Metencephalon - pons and cerebellum

Myelencephalon - medulla oblongata.

39
Q

What is the pons made up of?

A

Consists of white matter and scattered masses of nuclei (gray matter).

40
Q

What is the pons related to?

A

Respiration rhythm

41
Q

Which cranial nerves exit from the pons?

A

CV CVI CVII CVIII

42
Q

What is the vermis?

A

Series of tracts connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres.

43
Q

What plus what equals a fimbriae?

A

Folia (gyri) + sulci (fissures)

44
Q

What is the cerebellum’s function?

A

Muscle coordination. Main region for posture and balance!!!

45
Q

What does the cerebellar peduncle do?

A

Carries sensory info from sensory organs in muscles, joints and inner ear.

Enables brain to determine status of voluntary motor activities, equilibrium and balance.

Coordinate and provide precision to skeletal muscle contraction initiated by cerebrum.

46
Q

Most inferior part of the medulla oblongata is at which location?

A

Foramen magnum

47
Q

Explain the medulla oblongatas makeup. (white/grey matter)

A

Outside is white matter, inside is grey matter.

48
Q

Explain the decussations of the pyramid.

A

Motor tracts crossing to other side of brain.

49
Q

What is the grey matter aspect of the medulla oblongata for?

A

Reflex centres play a role in visceral reflexes, consciousness and arousal.

50
Q

Cranial nerves that use medulla oblongata?

A

CVIII (coch), CIX, CX, CXI, CXII

51
Q

In which meninge with CSF flow?

A

Arachnoid layer (similar to spider web)

52
Q

What is denticulate ligaments?

A

Series of projections of pia matter onto duramater.

53
Q

CSF is formed by which 2 things?

A

Choroid plexus mainly, and to a lesser extent, formed by specialized ependymal (epithelial) membrane int he cord;s central canal itself.

54
Q

What is BBB? Whats it formed of?

A

Blood brain barrier.

Capillary walls of choroid plexus + supporting neuroglia (astrocytes)

55
Q

How is CSF removed

A

Through venous sinuses

56
Q

What else can the venous sinuses drain?

A

Blood from the brain

57
Q

Explain what happens with CSF in relation to arachnoid projections and sinuses.

A

Projections of arachnoid (arachnoid villae) protrude through the duramater into the sinuses*

*sinuses are cavities formed between reflected layers of the duramater.

58
Q

Which sinuses are the ones where the CSF is usually sent to?

A

Superior sagittal and transverse sinuses.

59
Q

Superior saggital

A

Lies in the convex border of the falx cerebri from crista galli to near the internal occipital protuberances running anterior or posterior

60
Q

Straight sinus

A

Directed above the cerebellum. Continues above the corpus collosum

61
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus is along the…

A

great cerebral vein

62
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

at the petrous portion of the temporal lobes and are S shaped.

63
Q

The sigmoid sinus becomes what?

A

Becomes the internal jugular vein.

64
Q

Where is the occipital sinus located?

A

In the falx cerebelli

65
Q

Cavernous/petrosal sinuses are located where?

A

In the middle cranial fossa

66
Q

The cavernous sinus receives blood from which structures?

A

Superior ophthalmic vein
Inferior ophthalmic vein
middle cerebral vein
sphenoparietal sinus

67
Q

Where will the cavernous vein drain into?

A

Drains to the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and tot he pterygoid plexus.

68
Q

The superior petrosal sinus runs from…

A

The posterior ends of the veins of the cavernous sinus to the transverse sinus to then curve to help form the sigmoid sinus

69
Q

In which portion of the tentorium cerebelli does the superior petrosal sinus lie in?

A

anterolateral portion

70
Q

where does the inferior petrosal sinus begin?

A

at the posterior ends of the veins of the cavernous sinus inferiorly.

71
Q

The inferior petrosal sinus runs between what 2 things?

A

The petrous portion of the temporal bones and the basilar portion of the occipital bone.

72
Q

Where does the inferior petrosal sinus drain into?

A

drains the lateral cavernous sinus directly into the origin of the internal jugular vein.

73
Q

What does the confluence of sinuses represent?

A

Where the sup. sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus and transverse sinus meet.

74
Q

Venous return from all sinuses rejoin the circulatory system at the end of the…

A

sigmoid sinus (which drains into the internal jugular vein)

75
Q

The internal jugular vein joins to which vein?

A

the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

76
Q

What are the 2 main pairs of arteries that give flow to the brain?

A

Vertebral arteries, and internal carotid arteries.

77
Q

The vertebral artery comes from which artery?

A

the subclavian artery

78
Q

The vertebral artery perforates the….

A

dura and arachnoid to pass through the foramen magnum

79
Q

The two vertebral arteries join anterior to the pons to for the _________________.

A

Basilar artery

80
Q

The internal carotid enters the skull through where?

A

The carotid canal

81
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

most of the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal lobe.

82
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

the lateral surface of the brain and temporal lobe.

83
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

The inferior surface of the brain and occipital lobe.

84
Q

What forms the circulus arteriosus?

A

everything except vertebral, basilar and middle cerebral artery

85
Q

what does the circle of willis surround?

A

the optic chiasma and the pituitary gland

ANATOMY II (18 decks)

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