Stomach

Question 1

The stomach connects what to what?

Answer 1

Esophagus to the duodenum

Question 2

Lesser curvature is (concave/convex). Greater curvature is (concave/convex).

Answer 2

Lesser=concave.

Greater=convex

Question 3

Digestion of _______ continues here. Digestion of ________ and __________ begins.

Answer 3

starch continues

protein and triglycerides begins

Question 4

In the stomach the semi-solid bolus converted to?

Answer 4

chyme

Question 5

What are a few of the absorbed substances in the stomach?

Answer 5

H2O, alcohol, ASA, some electrolytes.

Question 6

Chemical digestion means

Answer 6

digestive juices secreted by cardiac, pyloric and fundic glands

Question 7

Mechanical digestion means

Answer 7

By muscle action, mainly in the body region. Digestive produces a substance called chyme which is a mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food. This passes into the duodenum of the small intestine.

Question 8

Within about _____ hours after eating a meal, the stomach usually has emptied its contents into the duodenum.

Answer 8

2-4

Question 9

Most of the stomach is covered in

Answer 9

peritoneum

Question 10

What are the 4 layers of the stomach?

Answer 10

outer serous layer
muscular layer
submucosal layer
mucosal layer

Question 11

What is the muscular layer comrised of in order?

Answer 11

outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner oblique

Question 12

What does the submucosal layer contain?

Answer 12

contains vessels and connective tissue

Question 13

When the stomach is empty, the mucosa lies in large longitudinal folds called…

Answer 13

gastric golds or rugae

Question 14

What are the 3 parts of the mucosa?

Answer 14

lamina propria
muscularis mucosa
gastric glands

Question 15

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 15

Connective tissue layer covered by epithelial cells.

Question 16

What creates gastric pits?

Answer 16

folds of the epithelium extending into the lamina propria

Question 17

Whats at the base of the gastric pits?

Answer 17

gastric glands that secrete gastric juices

Question 18

What is secreted by some glands to aid in the process of digestion?

Answer 18

HCl

Question 19

What does the pyloric antrum serve to do?

Answer 19

hold area for chyme prior to it entering duodenum.

Question 20

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

Answer 20

regulates flow from pyloris to duodenum

Question 21

Where does digestion of proteins begin?

Answer 21

in the stomach

Question 22

What are the layers of the GI tract?

Answer 22

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 23

Mucosa of the GI tract contains which 3 layers?

Answer 23

Lining of epithelium, lamina propria, smooth muscle

Question 24

Is the lining of epithelium the outermost or innermost?

Answer 24

innermost (in direct contact with content of the tract)

Question 25

 Epithelium in mouth, pharynx, esophagus and anal canal serves a

Answer 25

protective function

Question 26

 Epithelium in the stomach and intestines functions in

Answer 26

secretion and absorption

Question 27

How is there prevention of leakage between cells in the epithelium?

Answer 27

neighboring epithelial cells are firmly sealed to each other by tight junctions that restrict leakage.

Question 28

Every _____ days, epithelial cells are replaced by new ones

Answer 28

5-7

Question 29

_________ cells which secrete mucous and fluid into the lumen

Answer 29

Exocrine

Question 30

_________ cells which secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Answer 30

Endocrine

Question 31

Lamina propria of GI tract supports?

Answer 31

Supports epithelium and binds it to the muscularis mucosa • Also contains mucosa-associated lymph tissue (MALT)


Question 32

What does the smooth muscle of the mucosa do?

Answer 32

• Increases the surface area for digestion and absorption
• Movement of muscle ensures that all absorptive cells are fully exposed to contents of the GI tract


Question 33

What does the submucosa of the GI tract contain?

Answer 33

Contains sensory and motor enteric neurons and parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic fibers that innervate the mucosa and submucosa

Question 34

Which layer is important in controlling secretions of the GI tract?

Answer 34

submucosa

Question 35

Mouth, pharynx, superior and middle parts of the esophagus contain _______ muscles that produce voluntary swallowing

Answer 35

skeletal

Question 36

What do skeletal muscles do in the muscularis of the GI tract?

Answer 36

1) voluntary swalloing

2) permit voluntary control of defecation

Question 37

the muscularis of the GI tract has two layers of smooth muscle which are?

Answer 37

outer longitudinal layer and inner circular layer

Question 38

What do involuntary contractions of the GI tract do?

Answer 38

Involuntary contractions help break down food physically, mix it with digestive secretions and propel it along the tract

Question 39

Which plexus does the muscularis layer of the GI tract contain?

What does the plexus do?

Answer 39

Contains the second plexus of the ENS – Myenteric (Auerbach) nerve plexus

Parasympathetic ganglia
– Sympathetic postganglionic fibers
– Controls primarily the frequency and strength of contraction of the muscularis

Question 40

Serosa layer of the GI tract is also called?

Answer 40

Also called the visceral peritoneum on structures inferior to the diaphragm


Question 41

Drainage of stomach

Answer 41

variable adjacent veins into the portal vein