Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY II > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the fibrous layer of the pericardium?

A

Prevents overstretching of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the serous layer of the pericardium?

A

Inner layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the endothelium do?

A

Covers the valves of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The right atrium receives blood from which three major veins?

A

Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which valve does the right ventricle have?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The left atrium receives blood from what?

A

Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bicuspid valve is in which atrium?

A

Left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are the aortic semi-lunar valves located?

A

Aortic semi-lunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to blood in the left ventricle?

A

Oxygenated blood is ejected into the system circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when the atrioventricular valves open?

A

Blood moves into ventricles, papillary muscles are relaxed while chordae tendinae is slack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Left AV valve = ______________ valve. Right AV valve = ______________ valve.

A

Left AV is bicuspid, right AV is tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens when the ventricles contract?

A

Pressure drives the cusps upward, papillary muscles contract, chordae tendinae tightened and prevents the cusps from opening into the atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the semi-lunar valves do?

A

Allow ejection of blood into vessels and prevent backflow into the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are the semilunar valves open?

A

When ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The entire body receives blood from the systemic circulation except which organ? Why?

A

Lungs, because they are supplied by pulmonary circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

A

At the base of the ascending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

Both ventricles and the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

Supplies both ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which veins enter the coronary sinus?

A

Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, posterior vein of left ventricle, oblique vein of left atrium. AND SMALL MAY ENTER…..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

Relaxation, ventricular filling, ventricular systole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Difference between systole and diastole?

A

Systole – phase of contraction, Diastole – phase of relaxation

22
Q

Explain the relaxation period.

A

When ventricles relax, all 4 chambers are in diastole. Blood flows back to the ventricles closing the semilunar valves. Pressure falls in the ventricles and AV valves open to initiate ventricular filling.

23
Q

During ventricular filling, AV valves are (open/closed), and semi-lunar are (open/closed).

A

AV valves are open, semilunar are closed

24
Q

_____% of ventricular filling occurs without atrial systole. _____% occurs with contraction of the pectinate muscle.

A
  1. 25
25
Q

Explain ventricular systole.

A

Ventricular contraction pushes blood up against AV valves (forcing them shut). Pressure inside ventricles rises. Semi lunar valves open, blood is ejected into the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Stops when ventricles relax and then cycle restarts.

26
Q

When do the semi-lunar valves open?

A

When pressure of ventricles exceeds that in the arteries(??)

27
Q

What is “lubb”?

A

Closing of AV valves, beginning of ventricular systole.

28
Q

What is “dupp”?

A

Closing of semilunar valves, end of ventricular systole.

29
Q

What is S1?

A

Lubb

30
Q

What is S3 and S4?

A

S3 – rapid ventricular filling, S4 – atrial systole.

31
Q

Which 2 systems is the heart influenced by in its movement?

A

Vagus nerve and ANS AND specialized muscle tissue within the heart

32
Q

What do the vagus nerve and ANS do?

A

Regulate the speed of the contraction (inhibit)

33
Q

What does the specialized muscle tissue within the heart do?

A

Initiates contractions, aka cardiac cycle (SA Node)

34
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

Wall of the R. atrium

35
Q

Explain the path of the conduction of the heart (steps).

A

SA Node > spread over both atria > delay (so that atria and ventricles don’t contract at the same time) > impulse conducted through AV bundle > travel through interventricular septum > Apex > Purkinje fibers > contract ventricle

36
Q

What is the AV node supplied by?

A

ANS fibers

37
Q

How do the lungs get blood?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle goes to the air sacs within the lungs (alveoli), then CO2 passes into alveoli (exhaled), inhaled O2 from air into blood, pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood to the left atrium and then ejected into systemic circulation via left ventricle.

38
Q

What forms in infants related to their circulation?

A

Formation of septum primum and septum secundum.

39
Q

What closes in infants related to their circulation?

A

Closure of the foramen ovale, because it becomes the fossa ovalis. Closure of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus.

40
Q

When does the foramen ovale close?

A

Closure at birth or after several weeks (or not at all!)

41
Q

When does the ductus venosus close?

A

After birth up until 2-3 months

42
Q

What does the ductus venosus become?

A

Ligamentum venosum

43
Q

When does the ductus arteriosus close?

A

At birth up until 3 months.

44
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus become?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

45
Q

When do the umbilical arteries close?

A

Closes a few minutes after birth

46
Q

What do the umbilical artieries become?

A

MEDIAL umbilical ligaments

47
Q

What does the umbilical vein close?

A

A few minutes after birth.

48
Q

What does the umbilical vein become?

A

Ligamentum teres

49
Q

What DOES NOT function until after birth?

A

Lungs, kidneys, GI

50
Q

How does the fetus obtain O2 and nutrients?

A

From maternal blood

51
Q

How does the fetus eliminate CO2?

A

From maternal blood

ANATOMY II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions