Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY II > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 groups of organs associated with the digestive system?

A

Gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the gastrointestinal tract?

A

A continuous tube from the mouth to the anus; mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long is the gastrointestinal tract approximately?

A

9m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is considered the accessory digestive organs?

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6 basic functions of the digestive system

A 
Ingestion (Deglutation)
• Secretion
• Mixing and
propulsion
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lips (Labia) are attached to their corresponding gums by a fold of mucous membrane called the ______________.

A

labial frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is considered the floor of the mouth (oral cavity)?

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Soft palate is the separation between…

A

nasopharynx and oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During swallowing, what happens to the soft palate and uvula?

A

During swallowing, the soft palate and uvula are drawn superiorly closing off the pharyngeal isthmus at the nasopharynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils situated?

A

Palatine tonsils : situated between the arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the lingual tonsils situated?

A

Lingual tonsils: situated at the base of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fauces is the opening between?

A

Fauces: opening between the oral cavity and the pharynx

throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The tongue attaches to what?

A

Attached to the hyoid bone, styloid process and mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What do they do?

A

Extrinsic muscles include the hyoglossus, genioglossus palatoglossus, and styloglossus
– Move the tongue from side to side and in & out to maneuver food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? What do they do?

A

Action: alter its shape and size for speech and swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muscles of the tongue are?

A

genioglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

All tongue muscles are innervated by…

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (CXII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Palatoglossus ACTION

A

Elevates posterior portion of tongue and draws

soft palate down on tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Styloglossus ACTION

A

Elevates tongue and draws it posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hyoglossus ACTION

A

Depresses tongue and draws down its sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Genioglossus ACTION

A

Depresses tongue and thrusts it anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

condition where a person’s lingual frenulum is abnormally short or rigid impairing eating and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the vallate papillae located on the tongue?

A

At the sulcus terminalis on the posterior tongue in V-shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vallate papillae contains which 2 things?

A

serous glands and taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The sulcus terminalis separates the….

A

oral from oropharyngeal portions of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the filiform papillae for?

A

For touch and grip to manipulate food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where are the fungiform papillae mostly found?

A

at the apex and margins of the tongue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which papillae has taste buds: filiform or fungiform?

A

fungiform has, filiform doesnt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Salivary glands do what?

A

Secrete just enough saliva to keep mucous membrane of mouth and pharynx moist and to cleanse the mouth and teeth

30
Q

What is saliva mostly made up? The remaining?

A

Saliva is 99.5% water, the rest including enzymes to kill bacteria, and digestive enzymes to break down starches

31
Q

Small salivary glands open directly or indirectly into the oral cavity?

A

BOTH directly and indirectly.

Labial, buccal, and palatal glands in the lips, cheeks and palate as well as lingual glands in tongue

32
Q

The parotid duct pierces what muscle?

A

buccinator

33
Q

Where does the wharton’s (submandibular) duct enter the oral cavity?

A

lateral to the lingual frenulum

34
Q

Is the sublingual glands superior or inferior to the submandibular glands?

A

superior to the submandibular glands

35
Q

Which is the smallest gland?

A

sublingual

36
Q

Lesser sublingual (Rivinis) opens into where?

A

opens into the floor of the mouth

37
Q

Does salivary glands receive sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?

A

BOTH

38
Q

Sympathetic fibers initiate vasoconstriction which (increases/decreases) saliva production

A

decreases

39
Q

Parasympathetic fibers of the glands produce vasodilation and (increases/decreases) the production of saliva

A

increases

40
Q

How are receptors for taste buds stimulated?

A

by chemicals in food

41
Q

Receptors for taste buds convey impulses to two salivary nuclei in the _______________

A

brain stem

42
Q

Which pharynxes have both digestive and respiratory functions? What do these functions serve to do?

A

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

They help propel food into esophagus and then into the stomach

43
Q

What is deglutition?

A

swallowing (moving food from mouth to stomach)

44
Q

Esophagus lies posterior to the….

A

trachea and left atrium

45
Q

The esophagus passes through the diaphragm at what point?

A

esophagus hiatus

46
Q

Esophagus connects…

A

the oral cavity and pharynx with the stomach

47
Q

Esophagus striated skeletal muscle cranial end is innervated by?

A

Vagus nerve (CX)

48
Q

Smooth muscle at the caudal (stomach) end innervated by…

A

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

49
Q

What are the 4 layers of the esophagus?

A

Adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

50
Q

Info about adventitia

A

slipperly allowing mobility against tissues. Merges with connective tissue of surrounding structures

51
Q

Info about muscularis, explain superior, middle and inferior.

A

Superior: skeletal muscle only

middle: skeletal and smooth
inferior: smooth

52
Q

If the esophagus within the muscularis has skeletal muscle, then that means it has 2 layers. which are they?

A

Upper esophageal sphincter and lower esophageal sphincter

53
Q

What is the upper esophageal sphincter?

A

Upper Esophageal Sphincter is skeletal muscle attached to the cricoid cartilage

HAS LONGITUDINAL FIBERS to push bolus of food towards stomach

54
Q

What is the lower esophageal sphincter?

A

(Gastroesophageal) is a smooth muscle ring

HAS CIRCULAR AND OBLIQUE FIBERS FOR COMPRESSION

55
Q

Submucosa of the esophagus has what kind of tissue?

A

connective

56
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Areolar connective tissue, blood vessels and mucous glands.

57
Q

What does the mucosa contain?

A

mucous glands

58
Q

What does the mucosa do?

A

Offers protection against abrasion and wear & tear from food particles that are chewed, mixed with secretions and swallowed. No digestive function

59
Q

Which layer has no digestive function?

A

MUCOSA

60
Q

Food is pushed through esophagus by…

A

peristalsis (which is progression of involuntary contraction and relaxation of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis)

61
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter controls passage of food from _______________.

A

laryngopharynx

62
Q

(Elevation/Depression) of larynx causes the sphincter to relax and the bolus enters the esophagus

A

elevation

63
Q

When are the 2 times upper esophageal sphincter is relaxed?

A

During:

1) Exhalation
2) Elevation of larynx

64
Q

Functions of the esophagus are controlled by?

A

the medulla oblongata

65
Q

Explain how the circular and longitudinal muscles help with the bolus movement.

A

Circular muscle contraction constricts the esophageal wall and squeezes the bolus towards the stomach
• Longitudinal muscle fibers inferior to the bolus also contract shortening the inferior section and pushing its wall outward so it can receive the bolus

66
Q

What lubricates the bolus?

A

Mucous secretions

67
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter causes narrowing of the esophagus just (superior/inferior) to the diaphragm.

A

superior

68
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter relaxes when?

A

during swallowing allowing the bolus to pass into the stomach.

69
Q

Circulation to upper esophagus

A

Bronchial Arteries (from the Aorta or Internal Thoracic Artery)

70
Q

Circulation to lower esophagus

A

Branches of Left Gastric Artery

71
Q

Circulation to both upper and lower esophagus

A

possibly from branches directly off the Aorta

72
Q

Drainage of esophagus is from…

A

adjacent veins, left gastric vein into portal vein

ANATOMY II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions