The Digestive System Flashcards
What are the parts of the digestive system
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, colon, small intestines and rectum
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion
Production of digestion of enzymes
Which enzyme is denatured by stomach acid
Amylase
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch in the mouth
Amylase
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter
Control the passage of chyme into the duodenum
Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption
Ileum
Which enzyme hydrolyses the glycosidic bonds in sucrose
Sucrase
What is the primary digestive function of the gall bladder
Store and concentrate bile
Where does the majority of lipid digestion occur
Small intestines
How are fatty acids and monoglycerides absorbed into the cell of the small intestines
Simple diffusion
Which enzymes are involved in the final stage of protein digestion in the small intestine
Dipeptidases
Which layer of the small intestine contains blood and lymph vessels
Sub mucosa
What. Is the function of the brush border in the small intestines
Increase surface area for absorption
By what process are a mini acids absorbed into the blood stream from the small intestine
Co-transport
Which part of the digestive system is primarily involved in the emulsification of fats
Small intestine
What is the role of bicarbonate in pancreatic juice
Neutralise stomach acid
What is the main role of villi in the small intestine
Increase surface area for absorption
Which part of the small intestine receives pancreatic juice and bile
Duodenum
What is the primary function of the colon
Reabsorption of water
Where is bile stored until it is needed for digestion
Gall bladder
How are monosaccharides absorbed from the ileum into cells
Facilitated diffusion and co-transport
In which part of the digestive system does most chemical digestion occur
Small intestines
Which substance is not a component of bile
Insulin
Which type of muscle contracts move food through the oesophagus
Peristalsis
Which hormone stimulates the production of stomach acid?
Gastrin
What is a micelle in the context of digestion?
A small droplet of fat
What protects the stomach lining from being digested by its own acid?
Mucus layer
What is the end product of starch digestion by maltase?
Glucose
Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?
Beta cells
What are symptoms of crohns
Severe pain in the tummy
Diarrhoea
Extreme tiredness
Generally feeling unwell
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Anaemia
What are the causes of crohn’s
No single cause but thought to be a mix of lots of different things like genetics, the environment, the immune system and microorganisms in the digestive system create the conditions
What is a fistula
A passage from the lumen of the intestine to another area of the body or organ
What is a stricture
narrowing of the intestine caused by scar tissue formed from ulcers or inflammation– could cause a blockage
What is perforation
The intestine creates a hole in the wall which is spill contents into the body (including bacteria)
Outside of the intestines where is most likely to be affected in crohn’s
Joints, eyes, skin
Treatments for crohn’s (medications)
Anti-diarrhoeal drugs
Laxatives and bulking agents
Painkillers and antispasmodics
Liquid only diet
Steroids
Surgical treatments for crohn’s
Resection-Removal of the damaged part of the gut
Stoma
Strictureplasty- widen a narrow part of the gut
