Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the function of the female reproductive system
to produce egg
cells and to protect and nourish an offspring until birth.
What is the function of the male reproductive system
To produce and deposit sperm
What releases GnRH
The hypothalamus
What does the anterior pituitary sectete
LH and FSH
What are the sex hormones
Testosterone and estradiol (oestrogen), progesterone
Menopause symptoms
Hot flushes
Night sweats
Sleep problems
Mood swings
Menopause symptoms
Hot flushes
Night sweats
Sleep problems
Mood swings
What does the Prostate Gland do
Secretes an alkaline fluid that thickens the semen so that sperm can remain for longer
in the female reproductive tract and enhances sperm motility.
What does the penis do
In addition to aiding in urination, assists with reproduction by transporting sperm to
the female reproductive system.
What does the urethra do
Allows urine and sperm to pass out of the body.
What does the scrotum do
A pouch of skin that houses and protects the testes, the epididymis, and part of the
spermatic cord. It is present behind the penis. Sperm production requires a lower temperature than normal body temperature so it takes place outside the core of the
body.
What do the testes do
The site of production of hormones and sperm
What is the epididymis
A 6m network of coiled tubes that hold sperm whilst they mature after being
constructed before they are ejaculated by contraction of smooth muscle.
What does the Vas deferens do
A tube fibrous and muscular that connects the epididymis to the urethra. Sperm travel
along this tube during ejaculation
What does the Seminal vesicles do
Release thick fluid which contains fructose (a type of sugar), proteins, and other
enzymes These act as a source of energy and nutrition for sperm
What is puberty, menopause and ovulation controlled by
The interaction of hormones and the reproductive system
What is stage 1 of the menstrual cycle
Menstruation
What is stage 2 of the menstrual cycle
Lining builds up (to prepare for the egg)
What is stage 3 of the menstrual cycle
Ovulation
What is stage 4 of the menstrual cycle
Maintaining the lining of the uterus (to hope its fertilised and if its not the period starts)
What hormone spike on ovulation
LH
What does oestrogen do
Stimulates the uterus to develop a lining
What is ivf
In vitro fertilisation, an egg is removed from the woman’s ovaries and placed with sperm to be fertilised
Why is ivf needed
Incase a couple have been trying to have a baby for 2 years and they haven’t been successful
What is ui
When the sperm is injected into the uterus
What is ICSI
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, When the sperm needs to be injected into the egg
When you get older what happens to the eggs
They decrease in quality and quantity and the membrane can collapse when penetrated or it can be really strong it wont penetrate
6 stages of ivf
Stopping the menstrual cycle
Helping ovaries produce eggs
Monitoring progress and maturing eggs
Collecting eggs
Fertilising the eggs
Transferring the embryo(s) to the uterus
Does the number of ivf cycles effect the likeliness of ivf being successful
The number of cycles of ivf decreases the likeliness of ivf being successful
What is the muscular outer layer in the uterus called
Myometrium
What is the inner lining of the uterus called
Endometrium
What does progesterone do
Maintains the uterine lining
What is the definition of endometriosis
A disease in which cells from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus.
The cells attach themselves to the lining of the pelvis and undergo cycle changes (related to the menstrual cycle) where the cells shed but have no where to go. This causes inflammation and scar tissue.
What are the two types of endometriosis
Superficial endometriosis – meaning endometriosis is on the surface of the organ
Deep endometriosis – meaning the endometriosis is invading into the muscle of the organ
What does prognosis mean
The prediction of the disease
Prognosis of endometriosis
Remain stable, feel improvements or feel worse.
