The Diencephalon

Question 1

Habenular Nuclei

Answer 1

part of epithalamus (rostral to pineal gland)

modulates other circuits eg reward circuit

Question 2

link between basal ganglia and midbrain (Habenular nuclei)

Answer 2

Basal Ganglia –> Stria Medullaris –> Lateral Habenular Nuclei –> Habenulo-interpeduncular tract –> Interpeduncular nuclei

Question 3

Pineal Gland (+type of cells)

Answer 3

Regulation of circadian rhythm

–> pinealocytes secrete melatonin

Question 4

pineal gland path

Answer 4

retina –> optic chiasm –> suprachiasmatic nuclei (hypothalamus) –> pineal gland

Question 5

Subthalamic nuclei

Answer 5

interconnected to basal ganglia

Question 6

Zona Incerta

Answer 6

mass of grey matter between thalamus and subthalamus

Question 7

Thalamus

Answer 7

process, filters and relays info to cortex

Question 8

Thalamus blood source

Answer 8

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 9

Anterior Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 9

emotional learning

hippocampus via mammilary bodies –> costerior cingulate cortex

Question 10

Medial Dorsal Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 10

memory, planning and affect

prefrontal cortex, olfactory, limbic –> prefrontal cortex

Question 11

Ventral Anterior Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 11

motor relay nuclei

basal ganglia, cerebellum –> motor cortex

Question 12

Ventral Posterolateral Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 12

sensory relay

medial lemniscus & spinothalamic tract from BODY –> somatosensory cortex

Question 13

Ventral Posteromedial Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 13

sensory relay

medial lemniscus & spinothalamic traft from FACE –> somatosensory cortex

Question 14

Ventral Lateral Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 14

motor relay

basal ganglia –> motor cortex

Question 15

Lateral Dorsal Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 15

related to anterior nucleus (emotional learning)

hippocampus –> cingulate cortex

Question 16

Lateral Posterior Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 16

Lateral Posterior parietal lobe

Question 17

Pulvinar (function and path)

Answer 17

Pulvinar parietal, occipital and temporal lobes

Question 18

Medial Geniculate Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 18

ears –> medial geniculate –> auditory cortex

Question 19

Lateral Geniculate Nuclei (function and path)

Answer 19

retina –> lateral geniculate –> visual cortex

Question 20

Internal Capsule

Answer 20

pathway through which fibers travel between thalamus and cortex
becomes Corona Radiata as white matter tracts rise up to cortex

Question 21

Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule (projections and pathways)

Answer 21

fibers: thalamus –> frontal lobe

includes anterior & dorsal medial nuclei projections

Question 22

Genu of Internal Capsule (fiber pathways)

Answer 22

fibers: VA and VL –> motor cortex

Question 23

Posterior Limb of Internal Capsule

Answer 23

anterior 2/3s: corticospinal tract

posterior 1/3: sensory fibers, retrolentricular part, sublentricular part, fibers from occipital/temporal –> pontine

Question 24

Retrolentricular Part of Posterior Limb of Internal Capsule (function and fiber pathway)

Answer 24

optic radiation

fibers: lateral geniculate –> occipital visual areas

Question 25

Sublentricular Part of Posterior Limb of Internal Capsule

function and fiber pathway

Answer 25

acoustic

fibers: medial geniculate –> temporal lobe

Question 26

Thalamic Pain Syndrome

Answer 26

damage to thalamus –> cause excessive pain, loss of sensation in limbs