Cerebellum

Question 1

fun facts

Answer 1

• makes up 11% of mass of brain

- contains 50% of neurons in the brain

Question 2

Damage of Cerebellum

Answer 2

impairments in motor control and posture on ipsilateral side

Question 3

Cerebellar development

Answer 3

Rhombencephalon –> metencephalon –> develops from rhombic lips (edges of 4th ventricle)
rhombic lips expand –> project caudally over the roof plate –> fuse w/ each other over midline to form cerebellar plate –> vermis and 2 lateral hemispheres formed

Question 4

Arbor Vitae

Answer 4

sensory and motor white matter tracts within cerebellum

Question 5

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 5

connects to midbrain

carries EFFERENT TRACTS LEAVING cerebellum

Question 6

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 6

connects to CONTRALATERAL pons
carries MOTOR TRACTS ENTERING cerebellum from THE MOTOR CORTEX via pontine nuclei
(larges peduncle)

Question 7

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 7

connects to medulla

carries AFFERENT TRACTS ENTERING cerebellum from spinal cord/ brain stem

Question 8

Vermis

Answer 8

receives input from spinocerebellar tracts from trunk of body –> sends projection to fastigial deep nuclei

Question 9

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 9

regulates balance and eye movement

- contains: flocculonodular lobe, adjacent vermis

Question 10

Spinocerebellum

Answer 10

regulation of muscle tone and coorination of skilled voluntary movement
- contains vermis and midline parts of hemispheres
somatotopically organised

Question 11

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 11

planning of movement; non-motor function

Question 12

Fastigial nuclei

Answer 12

maintenance of balance

• associated w/ vermis
  input: spinocerebellar afferents
  output: vestibular nuclei –> proximal and trunk muscles

Question 13

Interposed nuclei

Answer 13

• globose and emboliform nuclei
  input: spinal, somatosensory, visual, auditory
  output: to contralateral red nucleus

Question 14

Dentate nuclei

Answer 14

• timing, planning and inception of motor activity
  input: cerebral cortex
  output: to contralateral red nucleus and VL of thalamus

Question 15

Afferent pathways

Answer 15

SCP: anterior spinocerebellar tracts
MCP: pontine tracts
ICP: olives, vestibular nuclei and posterior spinocerebellar tracts

Question 16

Inferior Olives

Answer 16

receives sensory and motor input from spinal cord, red nucleus, cerebellum
- for motor coordination and learning

Question 17

Input directions - from cortex vs from spinal cord

Answer 17

Input from CORTEX is CONTRALATERAL

Input from SPINAL CORD is IPSILATERAL

Question 18

Efferent pathways

Answer 18

SCP: deep nuclei output to red nuclei and thalamus
MCP: no output
ICP: deep nuclei to olives; flocculonodular output to vestibular nuclei

Question 19

Red Nucleus

Answer 19

midbrain nuclei

relays cerebellar info to motor cortex via ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

Question 20

Layers of Cerebellar cortex

Answer 20

1. granule cell layer (innermost layer)
2. purkinje neuron layer (inhibitory axons)
3. molecular layer