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102 > The Brain Stem > Flashcards

The Brain Stem Flashcards

1
Q

principle functions of the Brain Stem

A

relay/ conduit
integration & regulation of sensory info
cranial nerve origin & termination

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2
Q

rostral limit of brain stem

A

midbrain-diencephalon junction, below optic tracts

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3
Q

Cerebral Peduncle

A

links brainstem to thalamus/cortex

contains ascending/descending tracts

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4
Q

Crus Cerebri

A

location of motor tracts in cerebral peduncles

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5
Q

Tectum

A

superior/inferior colliculi - “roof” of midbrain

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6
Q

Tegmentum

A

“floor” of midbrain

contains red nucleus and substantia nigra

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7
Q

Red Nucleus

A

motor coordination and fine hand movement

origin of rubrospinal extra-pyramidal descending motor tract

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8
Q

Periaqueductal Gray

A

receives pain/temp info from lateral spinothalamic ascending tract
(gray matter in tegmentum)

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9
Q

Superior Cerebellar Peduncles

A

connects to midbrain

carries Anterior Spinocerebellar tracts

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10
Q

Middle Cerebellar Peduncles

A

connects to pons contralaterally

brain tracts

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11
Q

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles

A

connects to medulla

posterior and cuneocerebellar tracts

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12
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

vision

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13
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

sound

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14
Q

Gracile and Cuneate Fasciculus

A

Dorsal Columns of DCML ascending tract
synapse on second order neurons in medulla
decussate and forms medial lemniscus

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15
Q

Cerebral Peduncles (location)

A

ventral surface

only midbrain

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16
Q

Cerebellar peduncles

A

dorsal surface

all levels

17
Q

Pyramids

A

pyramidal tracts descending from motor cortex

18
Q

Olives

A

relay sensory and motor info

19
Q

Inferior Olives

A

cerebellar motor learning

20
Q

Pontine Nuclei function

A

allows unconscious modification of motor actions and error correction

21
Q

Pontine Nuclei pathway

A

receives info from ipsilateral primary motor cortex –> relays info to contralateral cerebellum

22
Q

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus - Cuneate Fasciculus

A

Discriminative touch, joint position, vibration, pressure of UPPER BODY

23
Q

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus - Gracile Fasciculus

A

Discriminative touch, joint position, vibration, pressure of LOWER BODY

24
Q

Decussation of DCML tracts

A

DCML tracts decussate in the medulla from the dorsal columns into the medial lemniscus to travel to thalamus

25
Q

Spinothalamic tracts (lateral vs anterior)

A

lateral: pain & temp
anterior: light touch & pressure

26
Q

Spinocerebellar tracts (3)

A

Posterior Spinocerebellar tract
Cuneocerebellar tract
Anterior Spinocerebellar tract

27
Q

Posterior Spinocerebellar tract

A

lower body
stays ipsilateral
enters cerebellum through inferior cerebellar peduncles

28
Q

Cuneocerebellar tract

A

upper body
stays ipsilateral
enters cerebellum through inferior cerebellar peduncles

29
Q

Anterior Spinocerebellar tract

A

lower body
decussates twice
enters cerebellum through superior cerebellar peduncles

30
Q

Descending Tracts (2)

A

Corticospinal tract

Reticulospinal tract

31
Q

Reticular Formation function

A

modulates pain info from lateral spinothalamic tracts,

muscle tone, reflexes, motor control, and autonomic functions (eg respiration)

32
Q

Ascending Reticular Activating System (RAS) function

A

functions in arousal/consciousness by sending continuous input to cortex
acts as filter to dampen repetitive, familiar or weak sensory input activity (about 99% of stimuli regarded as unimportant)

33
Q

Reticular Formation location

A

located in tegmentum
axonal projections from cerebrum –> brainstem
includes RAS and descending pathways via reticulospinal tracts

34
Q

Reticular Formation descending motor neurons

A

maintain skeletal muscle tone, balance and posture

102 (15 decks)

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