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Cold War > The Cold War 1956-84 > Flashcards

The Cold War 1956-84 Flashcards

1
Q

DEVELOPMENTS IN GERMANY

A

DEVELOPMENTS IN GERMANY

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2
Q

When did the 3 Western zones become the FRG?

A

21st September 1949

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3
Q

When did West Germany join NATO?

A

6th May 1955

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4
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact formed?

A

14th May 1955

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5
Q

Who was the first Chancellor of the FRG?

A

Konrad Adenauer

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6
Q

What was the first major issue in Germany?

A

Whether there should be German rearmament

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7
Q

What was the FRG Chancellor keen on?

A

Germany regaining strength to counter any Soviet threat

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8
Q

What event led to the USA supporting the idea of German rearmament?

A

The Korean War - North Korea invaded South Korea in 1953

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9
Q

What was Stalin’s March Note in 1952?

A

He proposed a united, neutral Germany with free elections supervised by the 4 occupying powers

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10
Q

Why did NATO countries reject Stalin’s March Note?

A

They thought the Soviets did it to gain full control of Germany

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11
Q

By when was the FRG the 2nd largest army in NATO?

A

1961

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12
Q

What did the USSR form in reaction to the rearmament of the FRG?

A

The Warsaw Pact

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13
Q

What did the Kremlin leadership after Stalin’s death warm to the idea of?

A

German reunification

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14
Q

What did GDR leader Walter Ulbricht introduce in June 1953?

A

Higher quotas for industrial workers

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15
Q

How many people protested against Ulbricht raising work quotas?

A

400,000

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16
Q

How many Russian troops and tanks were sent in by Khrushchev to stop the East German Uprising?

A

200,000 Soviet troops and 600 tanks

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17
Q

How many were killed in the East German Uprising?

A

125

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18
Q

How many were arrested in the East German Uprising?

A

6,000

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19
Q

What did the USSR show the West in how they dealt with the East German Uprising?

A

That they were prepared to use force to prop up a communist government

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20
Q

What happened in West Germany in September 1953?

A

Konrad Adenauer was re-elected as FRG Chancellor

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21
Q

What did the East German Uprising end any chance of?

A

German reunification

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22
Q

How many East Germans fled West from 1945 to 1961?

A

3.5 million

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23
Q

What did Khrushchev say to JFK in a meeting in Vienna in 1961?

A

That all of Berlin was East German territory

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24
Q

When was Berlin sealed off from the rest of East Germany?

A

13th August 1961

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25
Q

How many people died trying to cross the Berlin Wall?

A

130 people

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26
Q

What did the SED refer to the Berlin wall as?

A

The ‘anti-fascist protective barrier’

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27
Q

How much did JFK order defence spending to increase by after the Berlin Wall was built?

A

$3 billion

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28
Q

When was Checkpoint Charlie?

A

22nd September 1961

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29
Q

Who apparently gave Ulbricht the idea for the Berlin Wall?

A

Chairman Mao

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30
Q

REBELLIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE

A

REBELLIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE

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31
Q

What were the 3 uprisings in Eastern Europe from 1956 to 1984?

A
  • Polish Uprising 1956
  • Hungarian Uprising 1956
  • Czech Crisis 1968
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32
Q

When did Poles strike over pay?

A

June 1956

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33
Q

How did the Polish government respond to the strikes in June 1956?

A

They sent in tanks to put down the strikes

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34
Q

How many were killed in the Polish Uprising?

A

74 killed

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35
Q

How many were injured in the Polish Uprising?

A

300 injured

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36
Q

When was Gomulka appointed as General Secretary of the Polish Communist Party?

A

October 1956

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37
Q

When had Gomulka been imprisoned by a pro-Stalin government?

A

1951

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38
Q

What did Khrushchev threaten to do to restore control in Poland?

A

To send in troops

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39
Q

How did Gomulka respond to Khrushchev threatening to send in troops?

A

He said the Polish Army would resist any intervention

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40
Q

Who backed down: Khrushchev or Gomulka?

A

Khrushchev

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41
Q

What did Poland remain part of after the Uprising?

A

The Warsaw Pact

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42
Q

When was the Hungarian Uprising?

A

23rd October 1956 - 11th November 1956

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43
Q

What did the Hungarian Uprising threaten which the Polish Rising didn’t?

A

The continued supremacy of communist control

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44
Q

What 3 things did Hungarian protestors demand?

A
  • Withdrawal of Soviet troops
  • Multi-party elections
  • Freedom and speech and the press
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45
Q

Who did the USSR allow to become Prime Minister of Hungary as a replacement for hard-line communist leader Erno Gero?

A

Imre Nagy

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46
Q

Why had Nagy been expelled from the Communist Party in 1955?

A

Nagy was expelled for his reformist views

47
Q

When did Khrushchev agree to withdraw Soviet troops from Budapest, Hungary?

A

28th October 1956

48
Q

What 3 things did Nagy announce on the 1st November 1956?

A
  • Withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact
  • Abolition of AVO (Secret Police)
  • A move towards multi-party elections
49
Q

What did Khrushchev fear would happen in Hungary?

A

Feared communism would collapse

50
Q

When did Khrushchev send 4000 tanks in Hungary?

A

2nd November 1956

51
Q

When was Imre Nagy arrested?

A

4th November 1956

52
Q

When was Imre Nagy executed?

A

16th June 1958

53
Q

How many Hungarians were killed in the Hungarian Uprising?

A

3000 killed

54
Q

How many Hungarians fled after the Uprising?

A

200,000 fled to Austria

55
Q

What is the 1968 Czech Crisis also known as?

A

The Prague Spring

56
Q

When did Alexander Dubcek embark on a series of reforms?

A

April 1968

57
Q

What did Dubcek want to implement?

A

‘Socialism with a human face’

58
Q

What did Dubcek promise in his reforms?

A

Free speech and a multi-party democracy

59
Q

What did Dubcek promise the USSR?

A

That Czechoslovakia would remain in the Warsaw Pact and the Communist Party would retain its leading role

60
Q

What did the leadership of Eastern European countries argue in the Warsaw letter?

A

That challenges to socialism in one country were a threat to the entire socialist movement

61
Q

How many died in the Czech Crisis?

A

72

62
Q

How many were injured in the Czech Crisis?

A

702

63
Q

What did Brezhnev issue after the Czech Crisis?

A

The Brezhnev Doctrine

64
Q

Who went on strike on Poland after the government increased food prices by 100%?

A

Shipyard workers in Gdansk

65
Q

Who led the strikes in Gdansk?

A

Lech Walesa

66
Q

What trade union was formed in Poland in 1980?

A

Solidarity

67
Q

What size was Solidarity before the Polish government agreed to wage increases?

A

8 million

68
Q

When did Solidarity push for further reforms?

A

August 1981

69
Q

Who was appointed as First Secretary of the Polish Workers’ Party after Solidarity pushed for further reforms?

A

General Wojciech Jaruzelski

70
Q

What did Jaruzelski impose in December 1981?

A

Martial law

71
Q

ARMS RACE/SPACE RACE

A

ARMS RACE/SPACE RACE

72
Q

When did the Soviets produce an atomic bomb?

A

1949

73
Q

When did the US test the first hydrogen bomb?

A

1952

74
Q

When did the USSR launch the first ICBM?

A

1957

75
Q

What did Reagan launch to end mutually assured destruction?

A

SDI - ‘Star Wars’

76
Q

When did the USSR successfully launch the first satellite into space?

A

4th October 1957 - Sputnik

77
Q

How much did Congress give to NASA after Sputnik was launched into space?

A

$1 billion

78
Q

When did Yuri Gagarin go into outer space?

A

April 1961

79
Q

What programme did JFK launch?

A

The Apollo Programme

80
Q

What ended the space race?

A

The moon landing 1969

81
Q

DETENTE

A

DETENTE

82
Q

What are the 4 factors in a Detente 20 marker?

A
  • Arms Limitations
  • Helsinki Accords
  • Ostpolitik
  • End of Detente
83
Q

What initiated Detente?

A

The Cuban Missile Crisis

84
Q

What did the US, UK and USSR sign in 1963, which China and France didn’t?

A

The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963

85
Q

What treaty was signed in 1968 by the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council?

A

The Non-Proliferation Treaty

86
Q

When was SALT I signed?

A

26th May 1972

87
Q

What was SALT I supposed to do?

A

Limit the number of ballistic missiles and nuclear warheads

88
Q

How many nuclear warheads did the US have in 1972?

A

7600

89
Q

How many nuclear warheads did the US have in 1980?

A

10,600

90
Q

How many nuclear warheads did the USSR have in 1972?

A

2600

91
Q

How many nuclear warheads did the USSR have in 1980?

A

7500

92
Q

What was SALT II supposed to limit?

A

Limited the number of nuclear delivery vehicles to 2250

93
Q

Why did the US Senate not ratify SALT II?

A

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

94
Q

When were the Helsinki Accords signed?

A

1st August 1975

95
Q

What did the Helsinki Accords finalise?

A

The post-war borders of Europe

96
Q

What did the USSR promise in the Helsinki Accords?

A

To respect human rights

97
Q

What did the USA think of the USSR promise to respect human rights?

A

They thought it was a diplomatic coup

98
Q

What were the Helsinki Accords called at the time?

A

The new Yalta

99
Q

How many countries signed the Helsinki Accords?

A

35

100
Q

Who was elected as West German Chancellor in 1969?

A

Willy Brandt

101
Q

What policy did Willy Brandt develop?

A

Ostpolitik

102
Q

What treaty did the FRG and USSR sign in 1970, in which they agreed that they had no territorial claims against each other?

A

The Moscow Treaty 1970

103
Q

What treaty did the FRG sign with Poland in 1970, which was the same as the Moscow Treaty except for Poland?

A

The Warsaw Treaty 1970

104
Q

What treaty did the FRG sign with Czechoslovakia in 1973?

A

The Prague Treaty 1973

105
Q

What did the 4-power Berlin Treaty of 1971 allow?

A

West Berliners to visit East Berlin

106
Q

What treaty did the FRG and GDR sign in 1972, meaning they recognised each other?

A

The Basic Treaty 1972

107
Q

What did the FRG and GDR both join in 1973?

A

The United Nations

108
Q

When did Detente reach its point of highest development?

A

At the Vienna Summit 1979

109
Q

How did President Jimmy Carter respond to the invasion of Afghanistan?

A

He ended all grain shipments to the USSR from the US

110
Q

What broke down after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

Arms discussions

111
Q

What country received billions from the USA for their involvement in fighting the Soviets?

A

Pakistan

112
Q

What did Ronald Reagan describe the Soviet Union as?

A

The ‘evil empire’

113
Q

How much did US defence spending increase from 1980 to 1981?

A

$71 billion to $147 billion

Cold War (26 decks)

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