7.1 - Cold War 1956-84 - How did developments in Germany affect the Cold War? Flashcards
Chapter 7.1 - how did developments in Germany affect the Cold War?
How did developments in Germany affect the Cold War?
When did the 3 Western zones become the German Federal Republic (West Germany)?
23rd May 1949
When had Stalin tried to pressurise the Western powers to abandon Berlin?
The blockade of 1948-49
When did West Germany join NATO?
5th May 1955
Who was the first Chancellor of the FRG (West Germany)?
Konrad Adenauer
What was the first major issue in Germany?
German rearmament
What was Chancellor Adenauer keen on?
Germany regaining military strength to counter any Soviet threat
What event lead to the USA supporting the idea of German rearmament?
The Korean War - when North Korea invaded South Korea
What was Stalin’s March Note in 1952?
Stalin’s March note proposed a united, neutral Germany, with free elections supervised by the four occupying powers
Why did NATO countries reject Stalin’s March Note?
They feared Germany would go the way of Poland and become a communist or Soviet satellite state
By when was the FRG the 2nd largest army in NATO?
1961
What did Moscow form in reaction to the rearmament of the FRG?
The Warsaw Pact
When was the Warsaw Pact created?
14th May 1955
What happened in East Germany in 1953?
The East German Uprising
After Stalin’s death and before the East Germany uprising, what was the new leadership in the Kremlin moving towards the idea of?
A unified Germany
When did Ulbricht introduce new work quotas on industrial workers?
June 1953
How many people took to the streets to demand reforms in East Germany in June 1953?
400,000
How many Russian troops and tanks were sent in to crush the East German Uprising?
200,000 Russian troops and 600 tanks
How many people were killed in the East German Uprising?
125
How many were arrested as a result of the East German uprising?
6000
What did the Soviet Union demonstrate to the West in the East German Uprising?
That they were prepared to use force to ensure a communist government remained in control
What happened in September 1953 as a result of the East German Uprising?
Adenauer was re-elected as the Chancellor of West Germany
How many East Germans fled to the West between 1945 and 1961?
3.5 million
What did Nikita Khrushchev say to JFK in a meeting in Vienna in 1961?
That all of Berlin was East German territory
When was West Berlin sealed off from the rest of Germany?
13th August 1961
How many people died attempting to reach West Berlin between 1961 and 1989?
130 people
What did the Berlin Wall increase in East Germany?
Stability
What did the SED refer to the Wall as?
The ‘anti-fascist protective barrier’
How much did JFK increase defence spending by during high tensions over Germany?
$3 billion
