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History > The Cold War > Flashcards

The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

After WW2 what problem was there?

A

USA and USSR’s common enemy gone
So they grew suspicious of each other causing many problems

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2
Q

What reasons were there for tensions between USA and USSR?

A

Fear of communism
Soviet expansion
Mistrust of Stalin
Disagreements in peace conferences

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3
Q

Why did western governments fear communism?

A

It promised working classes more power and take over production
Didn’t protect their wealth

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4
Q

Why did the west fear Soviet expansion?

A

After freeing east Europe from Nazis, the Soviet Union took them over
Made western countries scared it would have ripple effect and more would fall

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5
Q

Why did the west mistrust Stalin?

A

Because it was believed he wanted to expand to all of Europe

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6
Q

How did peace conferences cause tensions?

A

Disagreements on how to deal with Germany
USSR = punish them
West = not repeat Versailles
Agree to divide Germany

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7
Q

Yalta conference

A

Agree to divide Germany into 4 sections

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8
Q

Postdam conference

A

Each section would be controlled by one of the allies
USSR receive most reparations for having most casualties

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9
Q

Eventually agreement of Yalta and Postdam conference

A

Divide
Democratise
Demilitarise
De Nazify
Germany

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10
Q

The Truman doctrine

A

Giving money to other countries so they wouldn’t fall to communism as they had less incentive with a stringer economy

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11
Q

What did Truman say in his speeches before the doctrine?

A

Communism was dangerous and had to be contained
US would give money to European countries to stop fall to communism
Communism same as having slaves

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12
Q

Consequences of Truman doctrine for USA

A

Ended period of isolationism = involved with stopping communism spread in other countries
Provided money to Europe in Marshall plan

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13
Q

Consequences of Truman doctrine for USSR

A

Greek government could defeat them and didn’t fall to communism
Cominform set up to coordinate information across soviet union

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14
Q

Containment policy

A

Idea of containing communism to the Soviet Union and not letting it spread to other countries
Domino theory = if other countries fall the ones around it will

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15
Q

Marshall plan

A

After Truman doctrine
Designed to give weaker European countries financial aid so they would invest in US companies and not join USSR

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16
Q

Why adopt the Marshall plan?

A

Because many economies were weaker after the war
And Truman’s belief of domino effect that this will increase spread of communism
And he supported containing this

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17
Q

Division of all of Germany

A

North west = Britain
South west = France
North east = USSR
South east = USA

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18
Q

Division of just Berlin

A

East = occupied by USSR
West = occupied by USA, France and Britain

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19
Q

Why did West Berlin receive a lot of financial aid?

A

Because it was surrounded by USSR occupied north east Germany
Increased chance of falling to communism

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20
Q

What did allies decide to make the west of Germany into?

A

United all parts occupied by allies
Into German federal republic
With its own currency

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21
Q

How did USSR respond to the new unified west Germany?

A

Because Berlin was in ussr occupied east Berlin
Create a blockade so supplies couldn’t enter West Berlin by railway, canal or road

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22
Q

Why did USSR see allies creating a unified west Germany as a threat?

A

Because they were attempting to stop communist influence together
And more people in Berlin preferred the capitalist life in West Berlin

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23
Q

Why did Stalin create the blockade?

A

More people migrating to west over boarder
So made life worse there to stop that happening

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24
Q

How did the allies respond to Stalin’s blockade?

A

Airlifted supplies into Berlin instead
Which he began shooting down

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25
Q

What stopped the blockade?

A

It could result in war which USSR was too weak for
So called off

26
Q

Consequences of the Berlin blockade?

A

Creation of NATO and Warsaw Pact
Increased rivalries between them
More refugees from east to west berlin

27
Q

NATO

A

Between Western Europe and USA
So if one country attacked they would all help
To protect all against USSR

28
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

8 USSR countries to rival NATO because Stalin said it was in self defence as NATO was set up against them

29
Q

What did Kruschev do?

A

Build a wall between west and east Berlin
To prevent those in the east fleeing away from soviet oppression

30
Q

Consequences of the Berlin Wall construction

A

18 hour stand off beteeen USA and USSR
USA eventually backed down

31
Q

Cuba revolution

A

Fidel Castro overthrew Batista (whom USA supported)
They removed all US businesses
So USA stopped buying sugar
Which USSR then bought instead

32
Q

Bay of Pigs invasion

A

Cuban exiles backed by USA attempted to oppose Fidel Castro but failed

33
Q

Consequences of Bay of pigs invasion and Cuba revolution

A

Cuba and USSR pushed closer together
So USSR installed ballistic missiles on Cuba near USA

34
Q

What did US spy planes see in Cuba military bases?

A

Ballistic missiles launch sites which had enough range to hit USA
Major security risk

35
Q

Solution to Cuban missile crisis: Hawks

A

Aggressive solution

36
Q

Solution to Cuban missiles crisis: Doves

A

Peaceful solution

37
Q

How did JFK respond to discovery of Cuban missiles?

A

Made a naval blockade to prevent missiles reaching Cuba on ships
Had ships searched for weapons
Broadcasted info to public

38
Q

How did Kruschev respond to the naval blockade?

A

Said they would find a way through the blockade
And use nuclear weapons if necessary

39
Q

Eventual deal with Cuba, USA and USSR to stop the crisis

A

USSR would remove missiles from Cuba if USA didn’t invade it and withdrew missiles in Turkey
JFK’s brother and Kruschev agreed but was secret in Turkey

40
Q

Consequences of Cuban missile crisis

A

Perception USSR backed down
Oneupmanship = pushing each other to brink of war
USA retreat as realised aggressive approach = dangerous
‘Partial test ban’ stop testing nuclear weapons
Hotline between USSR + USA for better communication

41
Q

How important was the Cuban missile crisis?

A

It caused a lot of fear so people wanted peaceful solution
As Marshall plan to stop communism was too dangerous

42
Q

Events in Vietnam that caused the war

A

North Vietnam was communist lead by Ho Chi Minh
South wasn’t and lead by unpopular leader that USA supported
Takeover so USA employed to prevent south falling to communism

43
Q

Reasons for USA involving itself with Vietnam

A

Contain communism
Defend democracy
Extend US influence/ imperialism

44
Q

USA aim with Vietnam: contain communism

A

Domino theory = if all of Vietnam joins USSR South East Asia will too
See it as necessary because increase of Vietcong increases chance of all of Vietnam falling

45
Q

USA aim with Vietnam: defend democracy

A

Ho Chi Minh = dictator who caused terror campaigns
But were hypocritical as they corrupted elections in Vietnam and trapped civilians in villages

46
Q

USA aim with Vietnam: extend influence

A

Saw it important to keep capitalist countries with same values to trade

47
Q

USA tactics

A

Operation rolling thunder
Chemical warfare
Search and destroy

48
Q

Operation rolling thunder

A

US bombing campaign to destroy Vietcong supply routes
Ineffective: north Vietnam got more support from China and didn’t stop supply routes

49
Q

Chemical warfare

A

Agent orange weed killer destroyed jungle to find hiding Vietcong
Napalm used on villagers that caused burns

50
Q

Search and destroy

A

‘Zippo raids’ = burn down thatched villages to search for hiding Vietcong

51
Q

Strategic hamlet policy

A

Moving villagers in the south and forgiving them to relocate to defended strategic hamlets
To stop them helping Vietcong

52
Q

Reasons for USA defeat in vietnam

A

Troops young + inexperienced
Opposition at home
Ineffective strategies for jungle fighting (more conventional and high tech)
Guerrilla methods by Vietcong and opposition better suited
North had USSR support

53
Q

American troops cause for defeat in Vietnam

A

Too young + inexperienced
Didn’t understand why or care to fight = low morale
Fear of guerrilla traps
Caused high brutality = masacres
Many young men dying caused opposition at home

54
Q

Opposition at home cause for defeat in Vietnam

A

Many young men dying
People saw televised atrocities of chemical warfare + massacres
President Johnson became unpopular, voted in Nixon who stopped it

55
Q

Ineffective war strategies cause for defeat in vietnam

A

USA used high tech conventional tactics
Not effective in jungle, unlike guerrilla methods used by Vietcong and the north
USA with no effective response = stronger Vietcong

56
Q

Effects of Vietnam war

A

Economic = inflation, using taxpayers money
Popularity = new president
Propaganda = ruined reputation
Communism = more in SE Asia
Detente
Doctrine = less willing for future wars

57
Q

Effects of Vietnam war: economy and treasury

A

War was expensive and a main contributor to rising inflation
Taxpayer resentment who was funding it
Treasury said it could not carry on

58
Q

Effect of Vietnam war: popularity with presidents

A

Johnson = very unpopular
Didn’t try re election
Nixon = voted in who said would stop it

59
Q

Effects of Vietnam war: USA’s propaganda

A

Lessened their influence in world’s affairs
Damaged reputation due to war crimes
Damaged their defence of capitalism

60
Q

Effects of Vietnam war: Communism

A

The USA’s military couldn’t stop communism spread
Had advanced the domino effect in south east Asia

61
Q

Effects of Vietnam war: detente

A

Realisation that Cold War needed different diplomatic strategies
Nixon visited China for closer relations

62
Q

Effects of Vietnam war: doctrine

A

USA wanted allies to take care of their own defence
Became less willing to involve itself with war

History (36 decks)

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