Search for peace since 1970

Question 1

Détente

Answer 1

A reduction in tension

Question 2

Need for detente

Answer 2

Nuclear war
Decrease weaponry spending
End proxy wars
Would cause relations between nations unwanted by other nations
Brezhnev doctrine showed by force wouldn’t work

Question 3

Helsinki agreements

Answer 3

Between USSR and USA for improved relations

Question 4

Main points of Helsinki agreements

Answer 4

Security = USSR respect west Germany ‘s existence
Respect human rights
Better communication between

Question 5

SALT 1

Answer 5

Strategic arms limitation treaty
Prevent production of shirt range nuclear missiles

Question 6

SALT 2

Answer 6

No construction of Intercontinental ballistic missiles
Limit on nuclear delivery vehicle

Question 7

USA changing relationship with China

Answer 7

Ping pong tournament solidarity
Lifted trade band between them
Nixon visits = less tension over Vietnam

Question 8

Changing relations with USSR

Answer 8

Caused by Afghanistan war

Question 9

What started the war in Afghanistan?

Answer 9

PDPA (communist) overthrew afghan gov
Islamic fundamentalists (Mujahideen) had revolution against the communists
So USSR sent troops in

Question 10

Why did Brezhnev send troops into Afghanistan?

Answer 10

The Islamic fundamentalism + civil war was a threat to communism

Question 11

Why did Carter decide against detente with Afghanistan?

Answer 11

War was a threat to their oil supply if it spread to surrounding countries
May improve relation with China
Under pressure as US embassy staff taken hostage
Accused by citizens as being weak leader

Question 12

What was Carter’s harsher approach with Afghanistan?

Answer 12

Carter doctrine
Delayed passing Salt 2
Boycott of Olympics
USA cancelled grain shipments to USSR + stopped selling tech there

Question 13

What solidified the harsher approach to the USSR/2nd Cold War?

Answer 13

Reagan who was elected in 1980 didn’t want detente
Began space initiatives against them

Question 14

SDI

Answer 14

Strategic defence initiative
Using satellites and lasers to intercept and disable USSR’s lasers

Question 15

Did SDI work?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Consequences of SDIZ

Answer 16

Was ineffective but showed:
USSR couldn’t compete with this idea
Solidified Reagan’s harsher approach

Question 17

Gorbachev

Answer 17

The last leader of the Soviet Union

Question 18

2 terms or Gorbachev’s reformation

Answer 18

Glasnost
Perestroika

Question 19

Glasnost

Answer 19

Censorship of the press relaxed

Question 20

Perestroika

Answer 20

To combat economic problems by adding elements of capitalism for better efficiency

Question 21

End to the arms race

Answer 21

Following the Geneva convention, INF treaty between USSR and USA
Agreed to destroy certain weaponry

Question 22

End to Brezhnev doctrine

Answer 22

Following Sinatra doctrine
Where Warsaw countries could make changes without threat of USSR invasion

Question 23

End to Berlin Wall

Answer 23

East German gov enabled people to cross into west Germany
Berlin Wall came down
Germany became united then joined NATO

Question 24

When did the Cold War end?

Answer 24

Malta conference in 1989 where Reagan and Gorbachev said the war was over
Then Gorbachev resigned 1981 = Soviet Union collapsed

Question 25

Who was the Shah and what happened to him?

Answer 25

Shah = leader of Iran and USA ally
Tried to modernise Iran but was too rapid + tyrannical government = forced abdication
Fled to USA after

Question 26

Who was the Ayatollah?

Answer 26

A leader in Shiite Islam = Khomeini (Islamic fundamentalist)
Took over after the shah was abdicated

Question 27

What caused the Iranian hostage situation?

Answer 27

Supporters of Khomeini took over US embassy and took 66 diplomats hostage
Said they’d be freed if former shah went back to Iran to be put to trial

Question 28

Why was taking hostages in Iran significant?

Answer 28

They had diplomatic immunity so could work safely
This important protocol had been broken

Question 29

How did Carter respond to the Ayatollah’s demands?

Answer 29

Refused to return the Shah back
So threats to try the hostages in court for being spies

Question 30

How did Carter attempt to rescue the hostages?

Answer 30

A rescue mission by helicopter, which failed by colliding with a refuelling aircraft = 8 servicemen killed

Question 31

How did the Iranian hostage situation effect Carter’s reputation?

Answer 31

Failed to rescue hostages
Killed 8 servicemen = lost election to Reagan

Question 32

How did the Iranian hostage situation end?

Answer 32

The Shah died
Reagan sworn in as president and began negotiations
Hostages freed

Question 33

How did the gulf war start?

Answer 33

Because Iraq invaded Kuwait under Saddam Hussein

Question 34

Why did Saddam Hussein invade Kuwait?

Answer 34

To pay off debts from war w Iran
Thought the US wouldn’t interfere because they had supported them before and did no action after Kurdish massacre
Claimed Kuwait originally part of Iraq

Question 35

How did USA and UN respond to Iraq invasion?

Answer 35

Attack on Iraq to defend Kuwait
Mostly to prevent Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia (main oil supply)

Question 36

Operation desert shield

Answer 36

US + others sent forces to Saudi Arabia to defend oil resources and push Iraq out Kuwait

Question 37

Operation desert storm

Answer 37

Air offensive attack on Iraq
Weakened their ground forces and destroyed military structure

Question 38

Operation desert saber

Answer 38

Ground offensive to liberate Kuwait by taking over Kuwait City and ordering ceasefire

Question 39

Results of the gulf war

Answer 39

Saddam Hussein withdrew troops
Bush’s short term reputation positive, long term negative as he should have done something about Hussein