Enforcing law and order Flashcards
Geographical organisation of medieval England
Shire = county
Hundred = divided shires into hundreds
Parish = small community, 10 per hundred
Court organisation of medieval England
Royal court
Shire court
Hundred court
Church court
Royal court in medieval England
For the most important crimes such as treason
Or if a nobleman was on trial
Oversaw by king
Shire court
2nd most important for serious crimes like murder
Hundred/ manor court
Owned by a private landowner
For petty crimes
Jury consisted of a local Lord or a JP and locals
Considered hearsay over evidence
Church court
Only for clergy for moral crimes such as adultery or not knowing the Bible
Judged by bishops and priests
Advantages of medieval court system
Crimes being judged were fit for the judge
Disadvantages of medieval court system
Based on hearsay rather than evidence
Jury consists of locals in low level courts so they could have a grudge on the defendant and get them declared guilty, or try protect them
Who was responsible for enforcing the law in medieval era?
Local/self policing
But developed roles such as Sheriff, JP, chief Constable, parish Constable and night watchmen
Methods of medieval self policing
Tithings
Hue and cry
Medieval tithings and how they worked
Groups of 10 men
If a member committed a crime it was everyone else in the tithing’s responsibility to bring him to justice
Hue and cry method and how it worked
If the tithing members weren’t present to tackle the criminal, victim would cry for help
Then everyone who heard should come and help
The medieval sheriff
A royal official who was responsible for order in a shire (county)
Was a volunteer but had high social status
What was the job of a medieval sheriff
Raise a posse to capture criminals who escaped the hue and cry method
Medieval posse
A group of armed men who helped the sheriff capture escaped criminals
County assizes
When the royal court would go to every county and hear the serious crimes committed there
Carried on from medieval era to 1971
How did the medieval policing system develop?
They appointed the parish constable and chief Constable
JPs as in pain volunteers who set up courts to hear cases as magistrates