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History > Lifestyles of the rich and poor > Flashcards

Lifestyles of the rich and poor Flashcards

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1
Q

How was the hierarchy in Elizabethan England organised?
(Top to bottom)

A

The monarch
Nobles and Lords
Gentry
Wealthy merchants and professionals
Yeomen and Tenant farmers
Cottagers and skilled artisans
Seasonal workers and unemployed

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2
Q

Who were the nobles?

A

Owned large areas of land
Included dukes, barons or earls

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3
Q

Who were the gentry?

A

Landowners
Less wealthy than nobles
Included knights, squires, gentlemen and gentlewomen

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4
Q

Who are wealthy merchants?

A

Successful sellers and business people

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5
Q

Who are wealthy merchants?

A

Successful sellers and business people

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6
Q

Who are ‘professionals’?

A

Emerging middle class
Worked less labour intensive jobs
Like lawyers, physicians, school teachers

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7
Q

Who were yeomen?

A

Owned their own houses with farms

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8
Q

Who were cottagers?

A

Lived in small cottages

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9
Q

Who were artisans?

A

Had a trade such as craft

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10
Q

Main features of houses of the rich

A

Built in the shape of E or H
Large windows to show wealth
Built with defensive structures outside like towers
Had a grand hall and above the long gallery
Gardens for leisure
Servants quarters

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11
Q

What was the grand hall?

A

Used as the servants dining room or hosted formal events

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12
Q

What was the Long gallery?

A

A place above the grand hall
A very wide corridor
For the owners to exercise, play music or for children to play

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13
Q

What did the rich women wear?

A

Ruffs (frilly collars)
Cape of cold
Long gown with a petticoat and hoops
Leather shoes and stockings
Lots of jewellery

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14
Q

What did the rich men wear?

A

Stiffened ruffle (frilly collar)
Jerkin (jacket)
Doublet (shirt)
Cape if leaving
Stockings and leather shoes
Trunk hose (breeches)

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15
Q

What were the rich’s clothes made out of?

A

Silk, linen, velvet, satin, leather and cloth
Expensive materials that had to have been exported thus showed their wealth

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16
Q

Households of the rich

A

Wives would stay home and supervise servants
Would make bread, ale, soap, candles and jams
Listen to music from hired bands

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17
Q

Education of the rich sons

A

Would be tutored at home
Languages (French, Latin or Greek)
Social etiquette
Hunting
Hawking

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18
Q

Education of the rich’s daughters

A

Tutored at home by governesses
Learn how to run a household

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19
Q

Features of houses of the gentry

A

Large manors
Servants quarters
Lots of land for farming
Made out of stone and brick (modernised)

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20
Q

Fashion of the gentry

A

Very similar to their social superiors (nobles)
But less expensive materials

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21
Q

Education of the gentry

A

Sons would go to private schools
Or university and learnt music, theology, maths etc

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22
Q

Houses of the poor

A

Small cottages
Only 1 room
Shared with animals
Few pots and pans as well as sleeping on hay

23
Q

Fashion of poor men

A

Leather breeches
Doublet (shirt)
Jerkin (jacket)
Made of corduroy or canvas

24
Q

Fashion of poor women

A

Petticoat
Mantle (cloak)
Doublet (shirt)

25
Q

Education of the poor

A

Many were too poor to afford education
However some children went to a local school and learnt English

26
Q

Working day for the poor

A

Spent the day farming or getting food

27
Q

Causes of poverty Elizabethan era

A

Rising population
Rising inflation
Bad harvests
War taxes
Demobbed soldiers
Changes in farming
Breaking up of monasteries

28
Q

Why did the rise in population increase poverty?

A

There is now a greater demand for necessities like food
Greater demand = higher prices and less resources

29
Q

Why did bad harvests increase poverty?

A

Less food necessities = famine
Also raised the prices of food

30
Q

How did inflation increase poverty?

A

Increase in prices but wages not keeping up with this
= inflation
Therefore people couldn’t afford necessarily

31
Q

How did wars and soldiers cause poverty

A

Foreign wars costed a lot so taxes rose on people
Also when the wars ended many soldiers were now unemployed and homeless

32
Q

How did changes in farming lead to poverty?

A

Farmers found it was cheaper to keep sheep not crops
Therefore employed less labourers = more unemployment

33
Q

How did closing monasteries cause poverty?

A

Caused unemployment for monks, servants and labourers
They provided charity relief but were now shut

34
Q

Government attitudes to poverty

A

It was your own fault if you were poor
Your position has been divinely appointed by God

35
Q

When and how did attitudes to the poor begin to change?

A

Towards the end of Elizabeth’s reign
Government began to take actual action and help them, but mostly the impotent poor

36
Q

Why did the attitudes to the poor change?

A

Risk that vagabonds will commit crimes
The poor may spread disease
Social order is disrupted if they band together

37
Q

Vagabonds/ Vagrants

A

Homeless unemployed person who would beg and roam around
Often turned to crime

38
Q

Idle poor

A

Included vagabonds that could work but chose not to

39
Q

Able bodied poor

A

The poor who could work but chose not to or couldn’t find anywhere to
Encouraged to in order to avoid vagrancy

40
Q

Impotent poor

A

Those who couldn’t work due to age or sickness

41
Q

What were the public’s attitudes to the poor?

A

They spread disease
They turned to crime
They were lazy which is sinful
Violent and may rebel

42
Q

Clapperdungeon

A

Put arsenic on the skin to look like they were bleeding for sympathy

43
Q

Counterfeit cranks

A

Sucked on soap to foam at the mouth
Pretended to have epilepsy for sympathy

44
Q

Abraham man

A

Pretended to be mad for sympathy

45
Q

How did Elizabeth try to deal with the poor?

A

Separate the idle poor and impotent poor
And find solutions for both
However didn’t address the causes of it
And punished the idle poor

46
Q

State of artificers law

A

Boys did 7 year apprenticeship
Gave them skills for a trade in the future

47
Q

Vagabonds act

A

Death penalty reintroduced for reoffending beggars
Branding
Local people payed poor taxes
Overseers or the poor to help JP keep vagabonds off the street

48
Q

2 Acts for the relief of the poor

A

To ‘help’ the poor
Idle poor sent to houses of correction
Punishment refusing to pay poor taxes
4 overseers per parish for JPs
Work to be found for idle poor

49
Q

Act for the punishment of rogues

A

Death penalty not for vagabonds again
But beggars are whipped
And returned to their own parish/ house of correction

50
Q

1601 Elizabethan poor law

A

Combination of the previous laws into one
The legal framework for how they challenge poverty

51
Q

Contents of the Elizabethan poor law

A

Nationwide poor rate/ tax
Refuse to pay = jail
Begging banned = whipped or houses of correction
Alms houses for impotent poor

52
Q

Alms houses

A

Places the gave our basic necessities for the impotent poor

53
Q

Elizabeth’s successes when dealing with the poor

A

Acknowledgement that the government had responsibility
And that some people weren’t at fault for poverty
Did keep some beggars off the street

54
Q

Elizabeth’s failures when dealing with the poor

A

Number of vagabonds increased
Didn’t deal with the root issue: houses of correction just kept them off the street/ moved them elsewhere

History (36 decks)

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