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Year 2- CNS > The Cerebral Hemispheres- surface features and functions (neuroanatomy) > Flashcards

The Cerebral Hemispheres- surface features and functions (neuroanatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

What is found on the inside of the brain- grey or white matter?

A

White matter inside, grey matter on surface

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2
Q

What is meant by nuclei in the brain?

A

Collection of grey matter embedded in cerebral hemisphere

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3
Q

Basal ganglia?

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter

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4
Q

What is the name of:
1. the grooves on the surface of the brain?
2. the elevation on either side of the groove?

A
  1. Sulcus
  2. Gyrus
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5
Q

Which type of mater is vascular?

A

Pia mater

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6
Q

Name the large dip between the two cerebral hemispheres.

A

Median longitudinal fissure

-> sulcus is the name given to most grooves on the surface of the brain but deeper grooves are called fissures

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7
Q

Name the bridge which connects the right and left cerebral hemisphere.

A

Corpus callosum

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8
Q

Which lobes of the brain does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

Frontal lobe and temporal lobe

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9
Q

Which lobes of the brain does the central sulcus separate?

A

Parietal and frontal lobe

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10
Q

Name the gyrus situated just in front of the central sulcus and forms part of your frontal lobe.

A

Precentral gyrus

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11
Q

Name the gyrus immediately posterior to the central sulcus which forms part of your parietal lobe.

A

Postcentral gyrus

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12
Q

Name the deep groove which separates the parietal lobe of the brain from the occipital lobe.

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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13
Q

Name the gyrus just superior to the corpus callosum.

A

Cingulate gyrus

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14
Q

What do gyrus’ look like? (not anatomical, just trying to help you gal)

A

Kind like the intestines/sausages (basically the surface things of the brain).

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15
Q

Part of the temporal lobe is curled in on itself. What is this called?

A

Hippocampus

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16
Q

The frontal lobe can be divided into three parts by more gyrus. Name the three gyrus which divide the frontal lobe.

A

Superior frontal gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Name the two divisions of the parietal lobe.

A

Superior and inferior parietal lobule.

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19
Q

Name the three gyri which divide up the temporal lobe of the brain.

A

Superior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Inferior temporal gyrus

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20
Q

Name the gyrus which leads from the temporal lobe to the insula (insula cannot be seen on the surface of the brain).

A

Transverse temporal gyri.

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21
Q

If using the central and lateral sulcus, is every lobe behind them sensory or motor?

A

Sensory

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22
Q

If using the central and lateral sulcus, is every lobe in front of them sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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23
Q

Therefore, which lobes of the brain are sensory?

A

Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

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24
Q

Therefore, which lobe of the brain are motor?

A

Frontal

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25
RECAP- are ventral or dorsal roots motor?
Ventral roots=motor Dorsal roots=sensory
26
Which part of the brain is the limbic system?
Medial part of cerebral hemispheres.
27
What does the limbic system do?
Stores and retrieves processed information.
28
Everyone has a dominant cerebral hemisphere, which can differ. What does this determine?
If we are right or left handed.
29
Which area of the brain is your primary sensory area?
Parietal (think P=P)
30
What does the primary association area in the parietal lobe allow us to do?
Uses and combines information and relates to past experiences to, for example, identify something.
31
What is area 4 of the brain?
Primary motor cortex ->this is a complicated area, may be worth watching part 2/3 of the Cerebral hemisphere lecture again before doing these flashcards
32
What is the primary motor cortex (area 4) responsible for?
Executing motor movements of contralateral sides of the body ->e.g. left precentral gyrus controls right side of body, right precentral gyrus controls left side of body
33
Where is the primary motor cortex (area 4) found?
Precentral gyrus
34
What is area 44/45 of the brain?
Broca's area of motor speech
35
Where would you find Broca's area of motor speech?
Inferior frontal gyrus
36
What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
Cognitive functions of higher order e.g. intellect, judgement, prediction, planning.
37
Which area is found in the post-central gyrus?
Primary sensory area
38
Which areas of the brain make up the primary sensory area?
Areas 3, 1, 2
39
Which lobe of the brain is the primary sensory area?
Parietal ->situated in post-central gyrus
40
What is the name of the area adjacent to the primary area?
Association area
41
What happens if there is a lesion in the parietal lobe/
Hemisensory neglect
42
If a lesion affected the left parietal lobe, how would there be hemisensory neglect in a patient?
Patient would complete ignore right half of body e.g. if washing face, would only wash left half
43
Generally, what does the temporal lobe control?
Hearing and smell
44
Which lobe of the brain will CN I go to?
Temporal lobe ->olfactory nerve, smell controlled by temporal lobe
45
On which gyrus is the primary site for hearing (primary auditory cortex)?
Superior temporal gyrus
46
In which areas is the superior auditory complex?
Areas 41, 42
47
All primary areas have an association area adjacent to it. What does the associated auditory area help to do?
Helps individuals to make sense of what they are hearing.
48
Like previously mentioned, everyone has a dominant hemisphere, which is different in individuals. The dominant hemisphere has an additional function in the auditory association area compared to the non-dominant hemisphere. What is this additional function?
Helps decipher speech
49
What is the area which helps decipher speech found in the dominant hemisphere called?
Wernicke's area of speech
50
Which lobe of the brain observes vision?
Occipital lobe
51
Which area is the primary visual cortex?
Area 17
52
Which area of the occipital lobe are the primary visual cortex found?
Either side of calcarine sulcus
53
Which areas make up the visual association cortex?
18 and 19
54
What is the function of the visual association cortex?
Interpretation of visual images
55
As previously mentioned, there is a limbic lobe in the medial cerebral hemisphere which is responsible for memory and emotions. What makes up the limbic lobe?
Cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala
56
What happens when information come through the loop of the limbic lobe?
Information comes in and goes round and round and becomes memorised.
57
Let's recap :) Which area is the motor speech area?
Broca's area
58
RECAP-Which area is the auditory association area in the dominant hemisphere only?
Wernicke's area
59
RECAP- What is Wernicke's area necessary for?
Recognition of spoken word.
60
RECAP- What is the generic function of each of the following lobes? 1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal 4. Occipital 5. Limbic
1. Frontal = motor 2. Parietal= sensory 3. Temporal= auditory 4. Occipital= vision 5. Limbic= memory and emotions
61
RECAP- Which of the following is unilateral and which is bilateral: 1. Broca's area 2. Wernicke's area
1. Bilateral 2. Unilateral
62
What is aphasia?
Problems with speech due to damage to specific areas of the brain
63
There are two types of aphasia depending on which area is damaged. Name the two types of aphasia. (think->aphasia = problems with speech. Which areas control sppech?)
Broca's aphasia Wernicke's aphasia
64
Describe what is experienced in Broca's aphasia.
Individual: -understands speech -misses small words -is aware of difficulties in speech ->understands as sensory area is fine, motor is damaged hence limited reply
65
Which lobe is damaged in Broca's aphasia?
Frontal lobe
66
What does Broca's aphasia cause to happen?
Weakness or paralysis to one side of the body ->this is because it is close to the precentral gyrus
67
Describe what is experienced in Wernicke's aphasia.
Individual: 1. has fluent speech but with new, meaningless words 2. cannot understand speech 3. does not know of mistakes
68
In those with Wernicke's aphasia, which lobe will be damaged?
Temporal lobe
69
Will there be any paralysis in patient's with Wernicke's aphasia?
No- sensory based, not motor, far away from precentral gyrus
70

Year 2- CNS (49 decks)

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