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Year 2- CNS > Acute Red Eyes > Flashcards

Acute Red Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what would be seen in the eye in someone with a third nerve palsy.

A

Eye moves down and out as SO and LR unaffected.
Drooping of eyelid.
Eye unable to look towards nose.

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2
Q

Describe what would be seen in the eye in someone with a sixth nerve palsy.

A

LR affected.
Unable to move eyes laterally.

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3
Q

Describe what would be seen in the eye in someone with a fourth nerve palsy.

A

Unable to move eye downwards

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4
Q

When does increased IOP occur?

A

When there is an imbalance between production of aqueous humor and the drainage

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5
Q

RECAP- in those with myopia, where does the light focus?

A

In front of the retina

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6
Q

RECAP- in those with hyperopia, where does the light focus?

A

Behind the retina

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7
Q

RECAP- in those with emmetropia, where does the light focus?

A

On the retina

->normal vision

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8
Q

Give an example of a common lesion affecting the optic chiasm.

A

Pituitary adenoma

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of homonymous hemianopia?

A

Stroke

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10
Q

List symptoms to ask about in the presenting complaint of an eye related issue.

A

Changes in vision
Redness
Pain
Any double vision
Any discharge
Change in eye appearance

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11
Q

What is important to ask in terms of past ocular history?

A

Contact lens wear?
Amblyopia/lazy eye?
Previous surgery etc.

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12
Q

Give some examples of medications which can affect the eye.

A

Ethambutol, chloroquine (both can have toxic affects on optic nerve and retina in the long term)
Anticoagulants
Tamsulosin

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13
Q

What can Tamsulosin cause?

A

Floppy iris syndrome

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14
Q

Which ocular issue can occur in alcoholic patients?

A

Nutritional optic neuropathies

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15
Q

Which chart is sued to assess vision?

A

Snellen Chart

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16
Q

How is vision assessed in babies?

A

Preferential looking test

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17
Q

How is vision assessed in toddlers?

A

Matching Kay pictures

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18
Q

How is vision assessed in older children?

A

Naming Kay pictures or Snellen Chart

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19
Q

How is vision assessed in adults?

A

Snellen chart

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20
Q

What is usually used for examination of the eye?

A

Slit lamp

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21
Q

Which dye can be used to outline epithelial defects?

A

Fluorescein

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22
Q

What may occur if a patient has walked into a branch?

A

Corneal abrasion

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23
Q

What may the issue be if a patient complains of their eye feeling gritty?

A

Dendritic ulcer of eye

24
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of infective conjunctivitis?

A

Eyes are gritty and red
Watery discharge

25
Q

What is the treatment for infective conjunctivitis?

A

Topical antibiotics

26
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of a subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

Red bleed into sclera, painless

27
Q

What is the treatment for a subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

Reassurance

28
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Itchy, red eyes
Watery discharge
Lid swelling
Conjunctiva swelling (chemosis)

29
Q

What is the treatment for allergic conjunctivits?

A

Avoid allergen
Topical antihistamine e.g. olopatadine
Mast cell stabiliser e.g. sodium chromoglycate

30
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of a corneal ulcer?

A

Painful, red eyes
Watery discharge
History of contact lens use
Sometimes cells/pus in anterior chamber
Photophobia

31
Q

What is photophobia?

A

Sensitivity to light

32
Q

What is the treatment for corneal ulcers?

A

Corneal scrape
Topical antibiotics

33
Q

What is a risk factor for corneal ulcers?

A

Contact lens use

34
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of corneal abrasion?

A

History of trauma
Painful, red, watering eyes
Blurred vision

35
Q

What is the treatment for corneal abrasion?

A

Topical antibiotics
Analgesia - used to relieve pain

36
Q

What is acute anterior uveitis?

A

Inflammation of iris and ciliary body

37
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of anterior uveitis?

A

Painful watery eyes
Photophobia
+/- blurred vision/floaters
May be blurred vision
May have had previous episodes
Hypopyon
Small irregular pupil
Cells in anterior chamber

38
Q

What is the treatment for acute anterior uveitis?

A

Topical steroids- prednisolone
Dilating drops- cyclopentolate

39
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of scleritis?

A

Severe pain
Deep scleral redness
Nodule (doesn’t move over sclera)
Very tender

40
Q

What is the treatment for scleritis?

A

Systemic steroids

41
Q

When does acute angle closure glaucoma occur?

A

Aqueous humor cannot flow through pupil

42
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Severe pain
Redness
Blurred vision
Nausea and vomiting
Hazy cornea
Fixed mid dilatory pupil
Hard eyeball

43
Q

What is the treatment for acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Lower IOP-
Constrict pupil
Laser iridotomy

44
Q

Which drugs can be used to lower IOP?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Beta blockers
Prostaglandins

45
Q

Which drug can constrict the pupil?

A

Pilocarpine

46
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A

Infection of orbital tissues

47
Q

Orbital cellulitis can be in front or behind the septum. Which one is sight threatening?

A

If the infection is behind the septum

48
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of orbital cellulitis?

A

Very sore
Redness
Blurred vision
Double vision - diplopia
Generally unwell
Pyrexia- fever
Proptosis- protrusion of eyeball
Reduced eye movement

49
Q

What is the treatment for orbtial cellulitis?

A

Admit
IV antibiotics
CT scan
Drainage of pus

50
Q

What is endophthalmitis?

A

Inflammation of inner coating of the eye- a medical emergency

51
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis?

A

Redness
Blurred vision
Pain
History or recent surgery/trauma

52
Q

What is the treatment for endophthalmitis?

A

Admit
Topical antibiotics
Vitreous tap
Intravitreal antibiotics

53
Q

How can thyroid eye disease present?

A

Bilateral red eyes

54
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of thyroid eye disease?

A

Redness
Blurred vision
Pain
Diplopia
History of thyroid dysfunction
Proptosis
Lid retraction
Reduced eye movement

55
Q

What is the treatment for thyroid eye disease?

A

Topical lubrication
Systemic steroids
Orbital radiotherapy
Orbital decompression

56
Q
A

Year 2- CNS (49 decks)

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