Rehabilitation in Neurology Flashcards
Rehabilitation?
The active participation of a disabled person and others to reduce the impact of disease and disability on everyday life.
In terms with rehabilitation, what role does the patient play?
Must voluntarily engage
Long term neurological conditions affect the patient and their family in one way or another for the rest of their life.
List some sudden-onset long-term neurological conditions.
Stroke
Acquired brain injury e.g. haemorrhage, meningitis, etc.
Spinal cord injury
List some unpredictable/intermittent long-term neurological conditions.
Epilepsy
Early MS
List some congenital long-term neurological conditions.
Cerebral palsy
Spina bifida
List some progressive long-term neurological conditions.
Huntington’s
Progressive MS
What is Guillain Barre syndrome?
Rapid onset of ascending polyneuropathy as body attacks itself as produces antibodies to myelin glycoproteins and gangliosides.
What most commonly causes Guillain Barre syndrome?
Infection but can be triggered by trauma or surgery
What are some of the clinical features of Guillain Barre Syndrome?
Paraesthesia and weakness which begins distally in hands and feet.
Which classification is used to assess severity of traumatic head injury?
GCS
What GCS would be suggestive of a severe head injury?
3-8
What GCS would be suggestive of a moderate head injury?
9-12
What GCS would be suggestive of a mild head injury?
13-15
How long does post-traumatic amnesia last in those with severe head injuries?
1-7 days
How long does post-traumatic amnesia last in those with moderate head injuries?
1-24hrs
How long does post-traumatic amnesia last in those with mild head injuries?
Less than an hour
Give an example of a metabolic cause of acquired brain injury.
Hypoglycaemia
Give some examples of infective causes of acquired brain injury.
Meningitis
Encephalitis
List some of the physical impairments that arise from neurological conditions.
Weakness
Loss or abnormal sensation
Change in tone
Autonomic dysfunction e.g. bladder, bowel
Swallowing and communicative difficulties
Pain syndrome
Seizures
Neuroendocrine disturbance
Fatigue
List some of the cognitive impairments which may arise after brain injuries.
Post-traumatic amnesia
Confusion
Severe memory problems
Poor concentration/attention
Slower thinking
Mental fatigue
Poor executive function, planning and reactions to changing events
Impaired reasoning and problem solving
List some of the psychiatric/behavioural impairments following brain injury.
Depression
Anxiety
Personality change
Irritability
Childishness, selfishness, laziness
Behavioural problems
Anhedonia- inability to feel pleasure
What are some of the secondary complications of long term neurological conditions?
Pressure sores
Chest or urine infections
Falls
DVT
Malnutrition
Constipation
Pain and spasticity
Contractures
Low morale and depression
List some activities which may potentially be limited by long term neurological conditions.
Mobility
Manual abilities
Thinking and planning
Reading and comprehension
Speaking
Nonverbal communication
Feeding self
Continence and hygiene
Daily activities- driving, housework, preparing food
Self-medicating
What are some of the personal factors which may influence to impact of a disabling condition on an individual?
Premorbid health
Emotional health
Family support- spouse, children and dependants
Motivations and psychology
